대처유연성, 미래 중심적 대처와 외상 중심적 대처가 복잡성 사별 비애의 보호요인이 되는가? = Are Coping Flexibility, Forward focus Coping, and Trauma focus Coping Protective for Complicated Grief?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Coping flexibility refers to the ability to use flexibly two coping strategies, forward focus coping and trauma focus coping following trauma experience. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether coping flexibility, furthermore forward focus and trauma focus coping, would protect against complicated grief, and whether these relationships would be moderated by the length and cause of bereavement. Bereaved Korean adults completed a web-based survey, which included the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma Scale (PACT). An examination of the factor structure of the ICG supported the one factor structure, and reliability of the ICG was adequate. The findings of this study suggested that coping flexibility and forward focus coping played protective roles for complicated grief, and these relationships were not moderated by the length or cause of bereavement. Yet, contrary to the hypothesis, trauma focus coping was associated with an increased level of complicated grief. Also, the length of bereavement moderated the relationship between trauma focus coping after bereavement and complicated grief, in which trauma focus coping significantly played a risk factor for complicated grief during early stages following bereavement. Further analysis revealed that complicated grief symptoms were highest among individuals who used trauma focus coping without using forward focus coping much after bereavement. The current study indicated that flexible coping and forward focus coping are consistently adaptive after bereavement while trauma focus coping is adaptive only when it is used with forward focus coping.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

대처유연성은 외상 경험 이후 외상과 관련된 정서 및 인지를 적절히 다루어주면서 현재 및 미래의 목표에 집중하는 두 가지 대처, 즉 외상 중심적 대처와 미래 중심적 대처를 유연하게 사용하는 능력으로 정의된다. 본 연구에서는 국내 성인 사별 경험자의 복잡성 사별 비애와 대처유연성 및 대처유연성의 두 가지 구성요소인 외상 중심적 대처와 미래 중심적 대처의 관계를 살펴보았고, 더 나아가 이 관계가 사별이후 경과시간과 사별원인에 따라 달라지는 지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 사별을 경험한 국내 성인을 대상으로 사별경험 체크리스트, 복잡성 사별 비애 척도(ICG), 대처유연성 척도(PACT)를 실시하였다. 먼저 복잡성 사별 비애 척도의 요인구조와 신뢰도를 검증해 본 결과 복잡성 사별 비애 척도는 단일요인으로 구성된 신뢰로운 척도로 나타났다. 연구결과, 대처유연성과 미래 중심적 대처는 사별원인, 사별경과기간에 상관없이 복잡성 사별 비애의 보호요인이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 예상과 달리 위계적 중다회귀분석 결과 외상 중심적 대처를 많이 할수록 복잡성 사별 비애 수준이 높게 나타났고, 이 관계는 사별경과기간에 따라 달라지는 양상을 보였다. 즉, 사별 경과 기간이 3년 미만인 경우에는 외상 중심적 대처 수준이 높을수록 복잡성 사별 비애 수준이 높게 나타났다. 추가분석 결과, 미래 중심적 대처 수준이 낮으면서 외상 중심적 대처 수준이 높은 경우 복잡성 사별 비애 수준이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 미래 중심적 대처와 외상 중심적 대처를 모두 유연하게 사용하는 대처방식과 미래 중심적 대처는 사별 이후 일관적으로 적응적인 대처임을 보여주는 반면 외상 중심적 대처의 경우 미래 중심적 대처와 함께 병행하여 사용하는 경우에만 조건적으로 적응적임을 시사한다.

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