Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of the alimentary canal in larvae of Streltzoviella insularis (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Streltzoviella insularis (Staudinger) is an important tree‐boring pest, that primarily damages Sophora japonica (Linnaeus) and Ginkgo biloba (Linnaeus), as well as other common species, at great economic cost to the urban landscape construction industry in China. In the present study, the alimentary canal morphology of S. insularis was observed using light microscopy, and its ultrastructure was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The foregut of S. insularis can be divided into the pharynx, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, and cardiac valve. The well‐developed crop forms the longest section of the foregut. It is able to store large amounts of food and is lined with a monolayer of epithelial cells. Many sclerotized microspines occur on the surface of the anterior intima and there are dense spines on the posterior intima of the proventriculus. Epithelial cells of the midgut include columnar cells, goblet cells, and regenerative cells, but endocrine cells are absent. The hindgut consists of the pyloric valve, ileum, and rectum. There is no clear distinction between the ileum and colon. The intima surface of the pyloric valve carries many microspines, whereas the intestinal wall of the rectum is thin with well‐developed rectal pads. The rectal epithelial cells form a squamous monolayer. A cryptonephric excretory system is located in the hindgut. There are six spiral Malpighian tubules, in which a cellular layer on a basement membrane encloses a lumen. These results will provide the basis for further studies of the structure and function in S. insularis larvae.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 SousaMEC, "Ultrastructure of the Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) midgut" 40 : 743-749, 2009

2 Gomes FM, "Ultrastructural and functional analysis of secretory goblet cells in the midgut of the Lepidopteran Anticarsia gemmatalis" 352 : 313-326, 2013

3 Levy SM, "Ultramorphology of alimentary canal of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at final larval development" 29 : 313-322, 2008

4 Moffatt MR, "Trypsin is stored as an inactive zymogen in the midgut of Stomoxys calcitrans" 20 : 719-723, 1990

5 Yang S, "The occurrence and prevention methods of Holcocerus insularis of Broussonetia papyrifera" 65 : 5-6, 2014

6 Bai R, "The occurrence and prevention measures of Holcocerus insularis of Sophora japonica" 8 : 74-75, 2012

7 Humbert W, "The midgut of Tomocerus minor Lubbock (Insecta, Collembola): ultrastructure, cytochemistry, ageing and renewal during a moulting cycle" 196 : 39-57, 1979

8 Klein UK, "The midgut as a model system for insect K(+)-transporting epithelia: Immunocytochemical localization of a vacuolar-type H(+) pump" 161 : 61-75, 1991

9 Xu L, "The larval sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of five species of Cossidae (Lepidoptera)" 95 : 611-622, 2017

10 Levy SM, "The larval midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): light and electron microscopy studies of the epithelial cells" 64 : 633-638, 2004

11 Engel P, "The gut microbiota of insects-diversity in structure and function" 37 : 699-735, 2013

12 Areekul S, "The comparative internal larval anatomy of several genera of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera)" 50 : 562-577, 1957

13 Gullan PJ, "The Insects: An Outline of Entomology" Blackwell Publishing 2005

14 Zhang J, "Synthesis of sex attractant of Holcocerus insuceris Staudinger and the trapping experiment in forest" 37 : 71-74, 2001

15 Li X, "Study on the digestive system of the Aprioma germari hope larva" 25 : 44-46, 2004

16 Yang H, "Study on the application of entomophytic nematode Fteinernema feltiae Filitjev against olcocerus insularis Staudinger" 19 : 37-40, 1992

17 Cheng Y, "Study on histology of the digestive systemof Helicoverpa armigera" 6 : 17-23, 1997

18 Nangong Z, "Study on histology of the alimentary canal of great wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae" 38 : 63-67, 2015

19 Qin X, "Study on application of entomopathogenic nematodes of Steinernema feltiae to control Holcocerus insularis" 2 : 93-, 1989

20 Zhang L, "Sensilla on antenna, ovipositor and leg of Eriborus applicitus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid wasp of Holcocerus insularis staudinger (lepidoptera: cossidae)" 96 : 253-263, 2015

21 Mehrabadi M, "Secretion and formation of perimicrovillar membrane in the digestive system of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in response to feeding" 78 : 190-200, 2011

22 Fonseca FV, "Purification and partial characterization of a midgut membrane-bound alpha-glucosidase from Quesada gigas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)" 155 : 20-25, 2010

23 Baggio MPD, "Morphology of the pylorus of Bombyx mori (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)" 43 : 344-349, 2014

24 Costa-Leonardo AM, "Morphology of the digestive tube in the termite Serritermes serrifer (Isoptera, Serritermitidae)" 20 : 31-44, 1995

25 Judy KJ, "Morphology of the alimentary canal during the metamorphosis of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)" 62 : 1438-1446, 1969

26 Mathur LML, "Morphology of the alimentary canal and ciated glands of the mature larva of Achaea janata L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" 28 : 318-331, 1966

27 Rigoni GM, "Morphology of malpighian tubules of Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) at final larval development" 69 : 1-6, 2004

28 Chunnu H, "Morphology and ultrastructure of the alimentary canal of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (2): The structure of the midgut" 39 : 387-394, 2000

29 Levy SM, "Morphological study of the hindgut in larvae of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" 33 : 427-431, 2004

30 Roche RK, "Morphological specializations of the digestive tract of Zacryptocerus rohweri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" 234 : 253-262, 1997

31 Pinheiro DO, "Morphological regional differences of epithelial cells along the midgut in Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae" 37 : 413-419, 2008

32 Li Z, "Morphological characters on the alimentary canal of four species of katydids (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae)" 29 : 430-433, 2004

33 Zhang XM, "Microstructure of the inner alimentary canal in Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae)" 49 : 219-229, 2006

34 Elzinga RJ, "Microspine variation in hindgut regions of four families of cockroaches (Blattaria)" 24 : 203-211, 1995

35 Patil GM, "Internal anatomy of silkworm uzi-fly, Exorista sorbillans (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tachinidae)" 23 : 22-31, 1984

36 Dow JAT, "Insect midgut function" 19 : 187-328, 1987

37 Maddrell SH, "Insect malpighian tubules: vatpase action in ion and fluid transport" 172 : 417-429, 1992

38 Terra WR, "Insect digestive enzymes: Properties, compartmentalization and function" 109 : 1-62, 1994

39 Wigglesworth VB, "Insect Physiology" Chapman and Hall 1984

40 Sousa MEC, "Histopathology and ultrastructure of midgut of Alabama argillacea (Huebner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed bt-cotton" 56 : 1913-1919, 2010

41 Wanderley-Teixeira V, "Histological description of the midgut and the pyloric valve of Tropidacris collaris (stoll, 1813) (Orthopetera: Romaleidae)" 66 : 1045-1049, 2006

42 Potrikus CJ, "Gut bacteria recycle uric acid nitrogen in termites: A strategy for nutrient conservation" 78 : 4601-4605, 1981

43 Yakovlev RV, "Faunistic groups of carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) in the fauna of Russia" 88 : 477-479, 2008

44 Terra WR, "Evolution of holometabola insect digestive systems: Physiological and biochemical aspects" 82 : 25-28, 1987

45 TerraWR, "Evolution of digestive systems of insects" 35 : 181-200, 2003

46 TerraWR, "Encyclopedia of Insects" Academic Press 273-281, 2009

47 Moffett D, "Electrophysiology of K+ transport by midgut epithelium of Lepidopteran insect larvae. III. Goblet valve patency" 198 : 2103-2113, 1995

48 Grant JB, "Diversification of gut morphology in caterpillars is associated with defensive behavior" 209 : 3018-3024, 2006

49 Ekis G, "Digestive system of Cleridae (Coleoptera)" 1 : 51-86, 1971

50 Santos CD, "Differential centrifugation, calcium precipitation, and ultrasonic disruption of midgut cells of Erinnyis ello caterpillars. Purification of cell microvilli and inferences concerning secretory mechanisms" 64 : 490-500, 1986

51 Chiang AS, "Defense reaction of midgut epithelial cells in the rice moth larva (Corcyra cephalonica) infected with Bacillus thuringiensis" 47 : 333-339, 1986

52 Zurek L, "Contribution of the colon and colonie bacterial flora to metabolism and development of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana, L" 42 : 743-748, 1996

53 Li H, "Comprehensive prevention and control of Holcocerus insularis of Fraxinus pennsylvanica" 8 : 29-31, 2008

54 Cioffi M, "Comparative ultrastructure of arthropod transporting epithelia" 24 : 139-156, 1984

55 Chi C, "Comparative morphology and histology of the larval digestive system of two genera of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera): Heliothis and Spodoptera" 68 : 371-380, 1975

56 Yin Y, "Comparative anatomy of the alimentary canal of longicorn beetles and their significance in taxonomy (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)" 3 : 313-320, 1987

57 Díaz E, "Comparative anatomical and histological study of the alimentary canal of the Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) complex" 93 : 303-311, 2000

58 Díaz E, "Comparative anatomical and histological study of the alimentary canal of Dendroctonus parallelocollis, D. rhizophagus, and D. valens (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)" 91 : 479-487, 1998

59 Standlea PP, "Clarification of the description of the digestive system of Heliothis zea" 61 : 1478-1481, 1968

60 Borges I, "Characterization of the alimentary canal of the aphidophagous ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): anatomical and histological approaches" 18 : 66-73, 2014

61 Yakovlev RV, "Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of the Korean" 4 : 341-344, 2005

62 Terra WR, "Biology of the Insect Midgut" Chapman and Hall 206-231, 1996

63 Billingsley PF, "Biology of the Insect Midgut" Springer 3-30, 1996

64 Cristofoletti PT, "Apocrine secretion of amylase and exocytosis of trypsin along the midgut of Tenebrio molitor larvae" 47 : 143-155, 2001

65 Moraes LDDVD, "Anatomy of the digestive tube of imagoes of Cornitermes Cumulans and Ruptitermes sp. (Isoptera, Termitidae)" 19 : 95-99, 1990

66 Zhong H, "Anatomy and fine structure of the alimentary canal of the spittlebug Lepyronia coleopterata (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea)" 42 : 521-530, 2013

67 Díaz E, "Anatomical and histological comparison of the alimentary canal of Dendroctonus micans, D. ponderosae, D. pseudotsugae pseudotsugae, D. rufipennis, and D. terebrans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)" 96 : 144-152, 2003

68 Chen Y, "Alimentary canal of fifth instar larvae of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Lymatriinae)" 27 : 101-117, 2016

69 Anderson E, "Active transport by the Cecropia midgut" 48 : 13-24, 1968

70 Sheng M, "A new species of genus Eriborus Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitizing Holcocerus insularis Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)" 17 : 170-173, 2006

71 Konishi K, "A new record of Eriborus applicitus Sheng & Sun, 2006 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitic on Cossus insularis (Staudinger, 1892) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) from Japan" 22 : 155-157, 2016

72 Bu S, "A morphological study on the proventriculi of sixteen species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) bred in Pinus armandi" 49 : 128-134, 2013

73 Elzinga RJ, "A comparative study of microspines in the alimentary canal of five families of Orthoptera (Saltatoria)" 25 : 249-260, 1996