Songdo Free Economic Zone in South Korea : A Mega-project Reflecting Globalization?

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 우리나라 인천 송도 경제자유구역의 개발 기제를 밝혀보려고 한다. 세계화하는 시장의 힘이 송도 경제자유구역 개발과 같은 거대 프로젝트를 실행하도록 추동한다거나 정부가 국가 경제를 한 단계 더 발전시키기 위해 거대 프로젝트를 추진하도록 한다고 주장하는 이전의 연구들과 달리 이 논문은 새로운 설명 및 접근 방법을 모색해 보았다. 이 새로운 설명 방법은 송도 경제자유 구역의 개발에서 국가의 중요성이 인정되지만 그 구체적 개발 배경 혹은 동기에서는 국가 자체의 이해관계보다 관료들의 이해관계가 한층 중요하게 작용하였다는 점이다. 송도를 싱가포르와 비슷한 글로벌 비즈니스 허브로 구축한다는 계획이 체계적이고 사려 깊게 수립되지 않았으며 대형 건설 프로젝트를 시행함으로써 지역 경제를 활성화하고 관료 조직을 확대하는 것도 중요한 요인이었다. 지역 초중등 학생들을 위해 신설한 송도 외국인 학교는 교육 목적을 위해 자녀들을 외국으로 유학시키려는 고위 관료들에게는 좋은 소식이였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The actual mechanism of Songdo Free Economic Zone in Incheon South Korea has been provided. Contrary to previous researches which either consider globalizing market force as naturally causing mega-projects or regarding the state as orchestrating mega-project in order to upgrade a national economy this paper adopts a new approach. This approach acknowledges the importance of state in building Songdo. However motivations of the bureaucrats were more about their own interest rather than that of the state. The plan of making Songdo a global business hub such as Singapore was not carefully planned. Boosting up local economy by initiating huge construction project and expansion of the bureaucratic organization were also important. The foreign school in Songdo which is open to local children is good news to high bureaucrats who are likely to send their kids abroad for education.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• 요약
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The state and globalization in mega-project : a new approach
• 3. Mage-project and'incompetent bureaucrats preoccupied with private interest'
• 4. Conclusion
• References

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Gale Company,

2 IFEZA, "http://www.ifez.go.kr/jsp/eng/invest/ invest3.jsp"

3 IFEZA, "http://www.ifez.go.kr/jsp/eng/invest/"

4 Incheon Bridge Corporation, "http://www. incheonbridge.com"

5 Federation of Korean Industry (FKI), "The problems of Free Economic Zone and Entrepreneurial City"

6 Sklair, L, "The Transnational Capitalist Class" Wiley Blackwell 2000

7 Korea Herald, "The Korean Central Park"

8 KRIHS, "The Fourth Comprehensive National Territorial Plan in Korea (2000-2020)" Anyang 2001

9 Park, Y.-H, "The Comprehensive National Territorial Plan Toward 2020 in Korea" 2001

10 Seoul Economic Newspaper, "Tax benefit limited ..... Incheon Free Economic Zones, International City only in name"

11 Engineering News Record, "Take a tour of the world’s megaprojects"

12 Korea Educational Development Institute, "Studying Overseas before Entering College: Perceptions and Practices"

13 Korea Herald, "Special Economic Zone Plans not appealing to Foreign Investors"

14 Park, B.-G, "Spatially selective liberalization and graduated sovereignty: Politics of neo-liberalism and "special economic zones" in South Korea" ELSEVIER SCI LTD 24 (24): 850-873, 2005

15 Korea Times, "Songdo: A Mega-city Redefining ‘reen"

16 Dongailbo, "Songdo population likely to reach 50,000 by the end of the year"

17 Kyunghyang, "Songdo Free Economic Zone, Turning into a city without foreigners"

18 Steiner, C, "Scratch builders" 18 (18): 106-108, 2008

19 Reuters, "Reuters,2009,South Korea zones struggle to lure FDI in downturn,May 19"

20 Kim, C.-G, "Place Promotion and Symbolic Characterization of New Songdo City, South Korea" 27 : 13-19, 2010

21 The Independent, "New Songdo City: Atlantis of the Far East"

22 Flyvberg, B, "Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition"

23 Douglass, M, "Mega-Urban Regions and World City Formation: Globalisation, The Economic Crisis and Urban Policy Issues in Pacific Asia" 37 (37): 2315-2335, 2000

24 Johnson, C, "MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy" Stanford 1925-1975, 1982

25 Birds Korea, "Last Call for Songdo"

26 Kim, J.-H, "Korean Environmental Regulations: Ready to Take on One of the World’ Largest Real Estate Development Projects" 15 (15): 489-518, 2006

27 Korea Times, "KCCI Chairman Park Casts Doubt on Special Economic Zone Plan"

28 Korea Times, "Incheon Free Zone to be Foreigners’ Paradise"

29 IFEZA (Incheon Free Economic Zone Authority), "Incheon Free Economic Zone Statistics"

30 Korea Herald, "Incheon Free Economic Zone Key to Korea’ Hub Dream"

31 Korea Times, "Incheon Embraces Foreign Investors with Open Arms"

32 Korea Herald, "Incheon Bridge, Songdo’ gateway to the world"

33 Chosunilbo, "High officials and CEOs" highest monthly salary 2010

34 Ong, A, "Graduated sovereignty in South-East Asia, Theory" 17 (17): 55-75, 2000

35 Olds, K, "Globalization and Urban Change: Tales from Vancouver Via Hong Kong" 19 (19): 360-385, 1998

36 Saito, A, "Global City Formation in a Capitalist Developmental State: Tokyo and the Waterfront Sub-centre Project" 40 (40): 283-308, 2003

37 Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, "Free Economic Zone and making Korean economy competitive"

38 National Assembly Budget Office, "Evaluations and recommendations for Free Economic Zone"

39 Curlick, L, "Cities of the Future" Worth 2009

40 Newsweek, "Charm City? South Korea’ New Songdo leads a wave of digital cities trying to replicate the best of Paris or Venice"

41 Korea Times, "Chadwick drawing international students"

42 Korea Times, "1st int’ school to open in Daegu FEZ"