Two uppor bound solutions, by the force balance method and by a kinematically admissible velocity field, are compared for the metal forming problems in plane strain. It is concluded that these two approaches always give identical results when the geom...
Two uppor bound solutions, by the force balance method and by a kinematically admissible velocity field, are compared for the metal forming problems in plane strain. It is concluded that these two approaches always give identical results when the geometrical configurations of the deformation model reman the same. By detailed derivations for plastic bending of a notched bar, closed die forging, compression of a rectangular block, machining with a restricted contact tool and plane strain backward extrusion, the identity of both approaches is verified.