相談者의 人性的 特性과 專門性의 發達 = Personal Characteristics & Professional Development of Effective Counselors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Many factors contribute to the effectiveness of counseling. Among these factors the counselor performs the most significant role. Theoretical orientations, professional knowledge, and specific counseling skills of counselors are all important factors which have a significant influence on the results of the counseling. Besides these, however, the qualities of the counselor as a person require special attention. Are certain individual characteristics likely to enable the counselor to become more effective? If so, what are these qualities?
Counseling theorists and researchers have given these questions as much attention as any other question in the field of counseling. They also identify some personal characteristics of effective counselors. It is important that counselors utilize themselves and the strength of their humanness in their work. Combs, particularly, suggests that the major technique of counseling is the "self -as -instrument"; the counselor's self or person becomes the major facilitator of positive growth for clients. According to Rogers, the counselor's theory and methods are far less important than the client's perception of counselor's attitudes. A number of theorists tried to draw personal characteristics of effective counselors from the characteristics of effective persons. George and Cristiani established a composite model of the personal characteristics of effective counselors as follows:
1) Effective counselors are open to and accepting of their own experiences.
2) Effective counselors are aware of their own value and beliefs.
3) Effective counselors are able to develop warm and deep relationships with others.
4) Effective counselors are able to allow themselves to be seen by others as they actually are.
5) Effective counselors accept personal responsibility for their own behaviors.
6) Effective counselors have developed realistic levels of aspiration.
Counseling is a professional service offered by a competent counselor. Counseling devotes a professional relationship in which counselors take the responsibility for making their efforts and client in a positive manner. Skovholt and Ronnestad interviewed 100 therapists and counselors to find out how their professional functioning developed. Some
of the results are as follows:
1) Professional development is growth toward professional individuation.
2) Beginning practitioners rely on external expertise; senior practitioners rely on internal expertise.
3) Conceptual system and role, and working style become increasingly congruent with one's personality and cognitive schema.
4) There is movement from received knowledge toward constructed knowledge.
5) As the professional develops, there is a decline of pervasive anxiety.
6) Personal life strongly influences professional functioning.
7) Clients are a continuous major source of influence and serve as primary teachers.
8) For the practice there is a realignment from a narcissistic position to a therapeutic position.
Counseling is a process in which the counselor-client relationship is basic. Also, counseling is a mutual enterprise on the part of counselor and client and, as such, is based on respect for the individual. Therefore, the counselor performs the most significant function in the counseling process. In the modern society, techniques tend to be more emphasized than human qualities. Some trends are also shown in counseling field too. Considering both counselors and clients are humans, personal qualities of counselors should be emphasized.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 問題의 提起
• Ⅱ. 相談者의 人性的 特性
• Ⅲ. 相談者의 人性的 特性模型
• Ⅳ. 相談者의 專門的 資質의 形成過程
• Ⅴ. 結 論