While going through the COVID-19 pandemic, the perception that the elderly are weak and vulnerable has been strengthened, and hate expressions targeting the elderly have increased. In Korea, as the transition to a super-aged society is accelerating, t...
While going through the COVID-19 pandemic, the perception that the elderly are weak and vulnerable has been strengthened, and hate expressions targeting the elderly have increased. In Korea, as the transition to a super-aged society is accelerating, the proportion of the elderly population is increasing, and as a result, conflicts between generations may increase. In this regard, this study aims to understand how ageism, a problematic social phenomenon in an aging society, appears, and to contribute to reducing prejudice and discriminatory attitudes toward the elderly, targeting the young generation, who can recognize intergenerational conflict the most.
This study investigated the mediating effect of perspective-taking, which understands others through the other person's position and point of view on the relationship between intergroup anxiety, which is an uncomfortable emotion felt in interaction with outgroups, and ageism which means negative emotions, thoughts, prejudices, and discriminatory behaviors that appear due to biological grounds of age. In addition, this study examined to verify whether this relationship varies according to the quality level of contact experience with the elderly.
For this purpose, a self-report online survey was conducted on 356 young adults aged 19-29. Using SPSS 25.0, descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis were conducted. Afterward, the relationship between the variables was confirmed using PROCESS Macro v4.1, and the significance of mediating and moderating effects were verified through bootstrapping.
The results of the research were as follows;
First, as a result of testing the differences in major variables according to demographic characteristics, significant differences were found in major variables according to gender and the presence or absence of living experience with the elderly. Intergroup anxiety and ageism were higher in females, and the quality of contact experience was higher in males. In addition, the quality of contact experience was better when there was a residence experience with the elderly, and the intergroup anxiety was higher when there was no living experience. Therefore, in this study, gender and residence experience were set as control variables. As a result of correlation analysis between major variables, ageism and intergroup anxiety were positively significant. Aegism and perspective-taking, quality of contact experience were negatively significant. Perspective-taking and quality of contact experience showed a positive correlation.
Second, the mediating effect of perspective-taking was significant in the relationship between intergroup anxiety and ageism. In other words, feeling anxiety in interactions with the elderly directly increased ageism attitudes, which also indirectly affected lowered perspective-taking.
Third, the quality of contact experience regulated the relationship between intergroup anxiety, perspective-taking, and ageism. That is, the higher the quality of experience in contact with the elderly, the higher the effect of perspective-taking in reducing ageism. This means that ageism can be lowered due to high perspective-taking when the young generation who have previously had high-quality experiences of contact with the elderly experience intergroup anxiety.
In this study, it was confirmed that intergroup anxiety was a factor influencing ageism in the young generation, and it was revealed that the lowered perspective-taking capacity in this relationship acts as the underlying mechanism. In addition, it was confirmed that the effect of the perspective-taking ability to lower ageism increased only when the contact experience known to lower prejudice was positive or intimate. These results are expected to be used for education and intervention to reduce prejudice and discriminatory attitudes toward the elderly, which is a problem in an aging society.