대한통의부 의용군의 남만주 지역 무장투쟁 전개와 성격 －‘三將士’(朴喜光･⾦光秋･⾦炳賢)를 중심으로－ = The Activities and Characteristics on the Armed Activities in Southern Manchuria of the Daehantongeuibu Volunteer Army: The Centering to ‘Three Warriors’(Park-Huigwang, Kim-Gwangchu, Kim-Byunghyun)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1922년 8월 30일 남만주에서 대한통의부가 성립되면서 그 산하의 군대를 의용군이라 칭하였다. 대한통의부 의용군은 소수의 인원으로 여러 결사대를 구성하면서 국내진공작전은 물론, 남만 지역 일대를 중심으로 친일 인사 및 밀정 처단･군자금 모집 형태의 무장활동을 전개하였다. 이 글에서는 대한통의부 의용군의 남만지역 무장활동 가운데 친일 인사 및 밀정 처단･군자금 모집 전개와 성격을 규명하였다. 대한통의부가 혼란한 상황에서도 남만 지역을 무대로 무장활동은 계속 전개되었는데, 특히 ‘삼장사’로 불리는 3인의 결사대는 대한통의부 의용군의 남만주지역 무장활동에서의 하나의 사례였다.
‘삼장사’는 의용군 5중대에서 선발된 박희광･김광추･김병현 3명으로 결성된 결사대이다. 6월 1일 무순조선인회 서기 정갑주와 그 가족들을 처단하였고, 6월 7일외무성(혹은 중추원) 촉탁 최정규를 처단하려고 시도하였으나 실패하는 등 친일인사 및 밀정 처단 활동을 전개하였다. 한편으로 금정관에서 김우현에게 군자금을모집하는 군자금 모집도 함께 전개하였으나 박희광･김병현이 체포되었고, 김광추는 무순 부근의 마성장자로 피신하여 군자금 모집에 전념하다가 6월 15일 한인공승환의 밀고로 인하여 중국 경찰들과 교전 끝에 피살되었다. 그렇게 김광추가피살되고, 박희광･김병현이 체포됨으로서 ‘삼장사’는 해체되었다.
박희광･김병현은 함께 체포된 관련자 윤영기･신명구와 함께 일경들에게 인도되어 재판을 받았다. 박희광･김병현･윤영기･신명구는 재판에서 망명부터 서로의관계 및 정갑주･최정규 처단 과정까지 차례대로 진술하였다. 재판에서 박희광･김병현은 처음에 사형을 구형받았다가 1926년 지난 판결에 부당하다고 함께 항소한끝에 최종 재판에서 박희광･김병현은 각각 무기징역과 사형을 선고받고, 윤영기･ 신명구는 무죄 방면되면서 박희광･김병현은 함께 여순형무소에 투옥되었다. 투옥끝에 김병현은 1926년 사형 집행으로 사망하였고, 박희광은 여러 차례 감형을 받아 1943년 3월 출옥하였다. ‘삼장사’는 그 동안 조명되지 못한 대한통의부 의용군이 성공과 실패를 막론하고 남만 지역을 무대로 하여 전개한 무장활동의 대표 사례로 볼 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In August 30, 1922, when the Daehantongeuibu was established in the Southern Manchuria, the army under its was called the Volunteer Army.
Daehantongeuibu Volunteer Army were formed several associations with a small number of group, not only domestic attack operations, armed activites carries out in the punishment of pro-Japanese personnels and spies, the form of military funds, in Southern Manchuria areas. In this article, among the armed activities of the Daehantongeuibu Volunteer Army in Southern Manchuria areas, the activities and characteristics of the punishment of pro-Japanese personnels and spies, the form of military funds were identified. Armed activities continued to take place in Southern Manchuria areas even when Daehantongeuibu was confused, in particular, the three members association called ‘Three Warriors’ was an example of the armed activities of the Daehantongeuibu Volunteer Army in the Southern Manchuria areas.
‘Three Warriors’ was a association formed of three members, Park- Huigwang, Kim-Gwangchu, Kim-Byunghyun, who were selected from an association team in the 5th company of Volunteer Army. In June 1, they were punished to Jeong-Gapju, secretary of the Fushun Korean Association, and his families, in June 7, they attempted to punish Choi-Jeonggyu, commissioned by the Ministry of Foreign A ffairs ( or Jungchuwon), but failed, and carried out pro-Japanese personnel and spies. On the other hand, ‘Geumjunggwan’ also recruited military funds to raise military funds for Kim-Woohyun, but Park-Huigwang and Kim-Byunghyun were arrested, Kim-Gwangchu was fled to Masungjangja near Fushun and devoted himself to raising military funds, but in June 15, he was killed after fighting with Chinese polices due to a report by Korean Gong- Seunghwan. As Kim-Gwangchu was killed and Park-Huigwang and Kim-Byunghyun were arrested, the ‘Three Warriors’ was disbanded.
Park-Huigwang and Kim-Byunghyun along with Yoon-Younggi and Shin-Myunggu, who were arrested together, were extradited to the Japanese police and tried. In the trial, Park-Huigwang, Kim-Byunghyun, Yoon-Younggi, and Shin-Myunggu stated in order from exile to their relationship with each other and the process of punishing Jeong-Gapju, Choi-Jeonggyu. At the trial, Park-Huigwang and Kim-Byunghyun were initially sentenced to death, but after appealing together in 1926 that the previous ruling was unfair, In the final trial, Park-Huigwang and Kim-Byunghyun were sentenced to life imprisonment and death, respectively, and Yoon-Younggi, and Shin-Myunggu were acquitted, and Park-Huigwang and Kim-Byunghyun were imprisoned in Lüshun Prison together. After imprisonment, Kim-Byunghyun died of execution in 1926, and Park-Huigwang was commuted several times and released from prison in March 1943. ‘Three Warriors’ can be seen as a representative example of armed activities that the Volunteer Army of the Daehantongeuibu, which has not been illuminated so far, has been staged in the Southern Manchuria areas regardless of success or failure.