설악산 대청봉일대 산림식생의 식물사회학적 군락유형 및 관속 식물상 특성 = Phytosociological Community Type Classification and Flora of Vascular Plants for the Forest Vegetation of Daecheongbong Area in Mt. Seorak

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The subalpine zone which is vulnerable to climate change could be functioning as a habitat for northern plant species especially in the Korean peninsula. In this study, classification of phytosociological community type and investigation on flora of vascular plants of Daecheongbong area in Mt. Seorak were carried out in order to provide a basic information for an ecological restoration and management of the vegetation through community ecological approach. Vegetation data were collected from 31 of quadrates from May to October, 2016. We analyzed vegetation types with phytosociological method, importance value with Curtis & McIntosh method, CCA using PC-ORD program tool, and flora of vascular plants. As a result, the forest vegetation was classified into Abies nephrolepis community. The community was divided 3 groups such as Pinus pumila group, Rhododendron brachycarpum group and Angelica decursiva group. Therefore, the vegetation had 3 kinds of units. The differential species group, it was classified into total of 7 species group units including Thuja koraiensis and Smilacina bicolor differential species group. The mean importance percentage (MIP) in VU 1 was shown Pinus koraiensis (24.1), A. nephrolepis (23.6) and Betula ermanii (10.5), and in VU 2, it was P. koraiensis (26.2), A. nephrolepis (20.8) and B. ermanii (10.5), and in VU 3, it was P. koraiensis (22.2), A. nephrolepis (16.4), B. ermanii (13.5) in the order, respectively. As for importance values of P. koraiensis and A. nephrolepis representative competition species, were different at each layers. The former (46.7) was higher than the latter (26.1) in tree layer, but the latter was higher than the former in subtree and, shrub and herb layers of VU 1. VU 2 and VU 3 also indicated the same tendency. P. pumila group and A. decursiva group were shown to have positive correlation with altitude and present species, respectively. The designated as the endemic plant was 11 taxa and, as the rare plant 24 taxa and 62.5% of vascular plant was northern plant species. It is necessary to continue further long-term monitoring of 3 vegetation units, IV of main competition species (P. koraiensis and A. nephrolepis) with stratum and main specific species (rare plants and endemic plants) considering vegetation science and, population and community ecology approaches.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 윤충원, "화악산의 산림군락과 환경요인의 상관관계 분석" 한국환경과학회 18 (18): 579-588, 2009

2 공우석, "한반도에 자생하는 침엽수의 종 구성과 분포" 대한지리학회 39 (39): 528-543, 2004

3 공우석, "한반도 고산식물의 구성과 분포" 대한지리학회 37 (37): 357-370, 2002

4 신현탁, "태백산의 관속식물상" 한국환경생태학회 29 (29): 309-332, 2015

5 오현경, "충남 오서산과 봉수산의 식물상 및 관리방안" 한국환경복원기술학회 16 (16): 63-81, 2013

6 장창석, "월악산 국립공원의 관속식물상" 한국자원식물학회 28 (28): 35-63, 2015

7 윤충원, "우리나라의 산림식생에 대한 군락형 분류" 한국임학회 100 (100): 504-521, 2011

8 김윤영, "세걸산의 관속식물상" 한국자원식물학회 29 (29): 110-127, 2016

9 Hyun Seop Kim, "설악산 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis) 천연림의 해발고별 임분구조 및 생장특성" 산림과학연구소 27 (27): 157-167, 2011

10 전영문, "설악산 분비나무림의 입지환경과 천이" 국토지리학회 44 (44): 93-102, 2010

11 이호영, "설악산 분비나무군락의 식물사회학적 특성 및 기후환경 변화에 따른 개체군 동태" 동국대학교 대학원 2013

12 권혜진, "설악산 대청봉지역의 아고산대 산림식생" 한국환경생태학회 24 (24): 194-201, 2010

13 윤충원, "설악산 국립공원 잣나무 천연림의 군락유형 및 임분구조" 한국환경생태학회 20 (20): 29-40, 2006

14 홍용표, "설악산 격리 잔존 눈잣나무 집단의 유전적 성상" 한국산림과학회 93 (93): 393-400, 2004

15 천경식, "백암산(강원, 홍천)일대의 관속식물상" 한국자원식물학회 29 (29): 171-188, 2016

16 임동옥, "백두대간 덕유산 지역의 식물상" 한국환경생태학회 18 (18): 107-123, 2004

17 이병철, "만병초 자생지의 환경생태학적 특성" 한국환경과학회 20 (20): 1319-1328, 2011

18 황용, "남한에서 만병초(Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don ex G. Don) 개체군의 식생구조와 입지 특성" 한국환경생태학회 28 (28): 751-761, 2014

19 박현철, "기후변화에 의한 눈잣나무의 서식지 분포 예측" 한국환경영향평가학회 23 (23): 379-392, 2014

20 공우석, "극지·고산식물 월귤의 격리 분포와 기온요인" 대한지리학회 43 (43): 495-510, 2008

21 홍문표, "강원도 설악산의 식물상" 한국환경생태학회 24 (24): 436-486, 2010

22 Yim, Y.J., "Vegetation of Daecheongbong, Mt. Seolag" 6 (6): 1-13, 1983

23 Ricketts, T. H., "Terrestrial Ecoregions of North America: A Conservation Assessment" Island Press 471-, 1999

24 Hill, M. O, "TWINSPAN- A FORTRAN Program for Arranging Multivariate Data in an Ordered Two-Way Table by Classification of the Individuals and Attributes" Cornell University Press 50-, 1979

25 Lee, J.H., "Subalpine Conifer Forest Communities" National Institude of Ecology 136-, 2014

26 Pereira, H. M., "Scenarios for global biodiversity in the 21st century" 330 : 1496-1501, 2010

27 Hanmmill, K., "Responses of resilience traits to gradients of temperature, rainfall and fire frequency in fire-prone, Australian forests : potential consequences of climate change" 217 : 725-741, 2016

28 Korea Forest Service, "Rare Plants Data Book in Korea" Geobook 332-, 2008

29 Laurance, W. F., "Rain forest fragmentation and the structure of Amazonian liana communities" 82 : 105-116, 2001

30 Lee, W.T., "Plant Geography with special reference to Korea" Kangwon National University Press 412-, 2002

31 Yim, K.B., "Phytosociological changes of Pinus densiflora forest induced by insect demage in Kyonggi-do Area" 50 : 56-71, 1980

32 Braun-Blaunquet, J., "Pflanzensoziologie Grundzüge der Vegetation der Vegetation" Springer-Verlag 865-, 1964

33 Korea Forest Service, "Korea plant names index committee"

34 Korea Forest Service, "Korea biodiversity information system"

35 "KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration)"

36 McMahon, S. M., "Improving assessment and modelling of climate change impacts on global terrestrial biodiversity" 26 : 249-259, 2011

37 Bellard, C., "Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity" 15 : 365-377, 2012

38 Tsuyama, I., "How will subalpine conifer distributions be affected by climate change? Impact assessment for spatial conservation planning" 15 : 393-404, 2015

39 Sala, O. E., "Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100" 287 : 1770-1774, 2000

40 Kong, W. S., "Geoecology on the subalpine vegetation and landscape of Mt. Sorak" 35 (35): 177-187, 2000

41 Park, I.H., "Forest structure in relation to slope aspect and altitude in Osaek-Taech`ongbong-Shinhungsa area at Soraksan National Park" 11 (11): 486-492, 1998

42 Kimmins, J. P, "Forest Ecology: A Foundation for Sustainable Forest Management and Environmental Ethics in Forestry" Prentice Hall 611-, 2004

43 Son, Y.H., "Forest Ecology" Hyangmunsa 346-, 2016

44 Botkin, D. B., "Forecasting the effects of global warming on biodiversity" 57 : 227-236, 2007

45 Brower, J. E., "Field and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology" Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers 596-, 1977

46 Yun, C.W., "Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs" Geobook 703-, 2016

47 Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, "Explanatory Text of the Geological Map"

48 McLaren, J. R., "Encyclopedia of Biodiversity" Academic Press 626-635, 2013

49 Sala, O. E., "Ecosystems and Human well-being: scenarios, volume 2. Millenium Ecosystem Assesment" Island Press 375-408, 2005

50 Shin, J.H., "Ecosystem classification in Korea(I): Ecoprovince classification" 54 : 188-199, 1996

51 Hegerl, G. C., "Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" Cambridge University Press 663-746, 2007

52 Lee, T. B., "Coloured Flora of Korea" Hyangmunsa 999-, 2003

53 Hong, S.C., "Colored Illustrations of Trees and Shrubs in Korea" Gyemyengsa 310-, 1987

54 Walter, H., "Climate-Diagram Maps of the Individual Continents and the Ecological Climatic Regions of the Earth" Springer-Verlag 36-, 1975

55 Fuhrer, J., "Climate risks and their impact on agriculture and forests in Switzerland" 79 : 79-102, 2006

56 Lindner, M., "Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems" 259 : 698-709, 2010

57 Korea Forest Service, "Climate Change & Forest" 246-, 2009

58 Dawson, T. P., "Beyond predictions : biodiversity conservation in a changing climate" 332 : 53-58, 2011

59 Ellenberg, H., "Aufgaben und Methoden der vegetationskunde" E. Ulmer 136-, 1956

60 Curtis, J. T., "An upland forest continuum in the prairie forest border region of Wisconsin" 32 (32): 476-496, 1951

61 Mathys, A. S., "An ecoregion assessment of projected tree species vulnerabilities in western North America through the 21st century" 23 : 920-932, 2017

62 Müller-Dombois, D., "Aims and Method of Vegetation Ecology" John Wiley & Sons Press 574-, 2002

63 Allen, C. D., "A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests" 259 : 660-684, 2010

64 Gilman, S. E., "A framework for community interactions under climate change" 25 : 325-331, 2010

65 Korea National Arboretum, "300 Target Plants Adaptable to Climate Change in the Korea Peninsula" Theulmunhwa 492-, 2010