This study discusses the concept of geometry including mental notions beyond the external form of figures, while examining geometric principles. In general, geometry studies the properties of space, form, and shape and clarifies the principle of combi...
This study discusses the concept of geometry including mental notions beyond the external form of figures, while examining geometric principles. In general, geometry studies the properties of space, form, and shape and clarifies the principle of combination, but this study aims to establish the meaning of the form that appears in modern architecture and to define it as a new geometrical principle for intrepretation of space added to the principles of Euclidean geometry.
The development of this study is as follows. First, through the concept and definition of geometry, the fundamental recognition of geometry is presented, and geometric theory is examined through architecture, philosophy, and geometry. Second, it presents the perspective of the perception of geometry, the analysis perspective of the geometric principle, and the spatial structure frame. Third, through the analysis of the works of the selected contemporary architects, the characteristics of geometrical principles are identified, and the analysis results are drawn through them. The sintering derived here is used as data to analyze the characteristics of geometrical principles in Chapter 5 of modern architecture. Fourth, the geometrical principle through the analysis results of the contemporary architectural works derived in Chapter 4 is divided into visible shapes, invisible representations, and interrelational connections to derive their characteristics.
The definition of the geometric principle is as follows. “The meaning of the essence of geometry is ideology thinking, and the concept of the principle of geometry is revealed through the Spirit Meaning.” Louis Kahn said, "Form is the recognition that something has an inseparable part, and it has an intellectual property." Said. Intellectual nature is mental thinking, and mental thinking appears as a geometric principle through the reality of architecture. The form of architecture is an expression of space, and this form of expression appears through the architect's ideological thinking.
Modern architecture viewed as a characteristic of geometrical principle is a morphological principle, a spatial principle, and an environmental principle. The morphological principle appears as segmental geometry, the spatial principle as intangible geometry, and the environmental principle as combined geometry. Segmental geometry is a morphological recognition by the separation of space. This characteristic is the existential meaning of the meaning of the visible shape. Ancient architecture attempted to conceptualize architecture as a symbolic meaning, and was a symbol of religious worship, but in the modern and modern times, architecture has moved away from its symbolic meaning, and the expression of the form immediately emerged as a spiritual idea and concept. Intangible geometry is the recognition of invisible forms due to the disappearance of space, in other words, it is a representational concept of invisible forms. The spatial principle emerges from the invisible form, and the non-substantive meaning can be known through the void recognized from the figure. The substance is an architecture, and the substance is recognized through non-substance existence (space, ground) and contrast. These features are representational concepts and create conceptual images due to the existence of non-substances. Combined geometry is the recognition of mutually communicative relations due to the expansion of space and is characterized by the expansive communication of the meaning of reciprocal relations. Extensive communication appears through the environmental principle of geometry. The inner space communicates with the outer space through the opening and appears as an open environment, a fluid environment, and a continuous environment. In addition, in the environmental principle, space is characterized by its shape and the relationship between space and space. In an open environment, spaces are connected and expanded according to organic circulation, and in a fluid environment, spaces are communicated and expanded according to flows and connections. In a mutual relational environment, spaces are connected according to the mutual textual relationship and thus have persistence.
Architecture appeared in varied style and form according to change of the times. The morphological change of architecture appeared as a change in geometric figures, and this study presented its characteristics by analyzing its essence in terms of geometric principles. Buildings with absolute symbols of ancient times from the difficulty of segmental geometry have transformed their morphological meaning from homogeneous modernist architecture to postmodernism, deconstructionism, high-tech, and digital architecture according to the trend of the times. In modernist architecture, due to its formal appearance, the background of the space was also standardized, but postmodern, high-tech, and deconstructivist architecture deviated from the framework of the formal form, and a post-formal form emerged. From the point of view of intangible geometry, this form of architecture also affects the space surrounding the form, and today's architecture shows incompleteness even in the invisible form due to the overlapping and decomposition of geometry. From the perspective of combined geometry, the closed space is transformed into an open environment according to modernism, postmodernism, hi-tech, deconstructionism, and digital architecture, and is characterized by mutual communication and extended communication. I hope that the meaning of the geometric principles of segmental geometry, intangible geometry, and combined geometry of modern architecture presented through this study will develop as a framework of thought to explore the essential meaning of architecture that will change in the future.