[단행본] Copulas: Universals in the Categorization of the Lexicon

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Copulas (in English, the verb to be) are conventionally defined functionally as a means of relating elements of clause structure, especially subject and complement, and considered to be semantically empty or meaningless. Dr Pustet presents an analysis of grammatical descriptions of over 160 languages drawn from the language families of the world. She shows that some languages have a single copula, others several, and some none at all. She links the distribution of copulas to variations in lexical categorization and syntactic structure. She advances a comprehensive theory of copularization which she relates to language classification and to theories of language change, notably grammaticalization.
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국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 자료는 본 연구에서 (원자료)로 사용되었다.

본 연구에서는 전세계에 존재하는 계사(copula)들의 특징과 유형들이 정리된 Pustet의 Copulas: Universals in the Categorization of the Lexicon을 참고하였다. 이를 통해 국어 ‘이다’의 의미와 기능의 분할을 위한 유형론적 기준을 구체화하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Preface ix
List of Abbreviations xi
List of Figures xii
List of Tables xiii
1. Copulas in Current Research
1.1. The copula paradox
1.2. Definition of 'copula'
1.3. The parts-of-speech issue
1.3.1. Parts-of-speech class indistinctions
1.3.2. Cluster definitions of noun, verb, and adjective
1.3.3. The hybrid status of adjectives
1.3.4. Towards a universal theory of lexical class formation
1.3.4.1. Implicational hierarchies
1.3.4.2. Markedness
1.3.4.3. Time-stability
1.4. A possible theoretical approach to copularization
2. Copulas in Cross-linguistic Perspective
2.1. Scope of the investigation
2.1.1. Basic methodological and terminological considerations
2.1.2. Copulas and predicate types
2.2. Copula dropping
2.3. The global sample
2.3.1. Structural types of copulas
2.3.2. Multiple copularization
2.3.3. The genesis of copulas
2.3.4. Distribution of copularizing vs. non-copularizing lexemes in the lexicon of individual languages
2.3.5. Global distribution of copulas
2.4. A universal hierarchy of copularization
2.5. The copularization scale and contemporary research on lexical categorization
3. Copularization and Lexical Semantics
3.1. Copularization and time-stability: a pilot study
3.2. Copularization and lexical semantics: method of investigation
3.2.1. Lexical minimal pairs
3.2.2. Semantic features and statistics
3.3. Lexical minimal pairs and semantic features
3.3.1. Dynamicity
3.3.2. Transience
3.3.3. Transitivity
3.3.4. Dependency
3.3.5. Generalizations
3.4. Statistics
3.4.1. The data
3.4.2. Predictive power of semantic features
3.4.3. Competing semantic models of copularization
4. The Multi-factor Model of Copularization
4.1. The limited predictive power of semantics
4.2. Migration of copulas in the lexicon
4.3. Combining the parameters
4.4. The cognitive basis: prototypes
4.5. A scalar model of the lexicon
4.6. Discourse frequency
5. Synopsis
5.1. Copularization and markedness
5.2. Towards a new approach to the parts-of-speech issue
Appendix A. Genetic affiliation of the languages quoted
Appendix B. Pilot study/semantic classification
Appendix C. Pilot study/statistics
Appendix D. Questionnaire
Appendix E. The semantic structure of the lexical samples
Appendix F. Copula use and semantic similarity space
Further Reading
References
Index

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