유럽에서의 합리적 관료제 형성에 관한 이론적 고찰 = A Theoretical Inquiry into the Formation of Rational Bureaucracy in European Countries

국문 초록 (Abstract)

근대 관료제는 근대 국가 형성과정에서 상비군과 더불어 또 다른 한 축을 형성하면서 발전해 왔다. 그러나, 합리적 관료제가 어떤 이유로 어떤 과정을 거치면서 출현했는가 하는 문제에 대하여는 역사학, 정치학계에서는 꾸준히 논의되어 왔지만 행정학계에서는 별로 논의되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 지금까지 다소 산만하게 이루어졌던 관료제 형성에 대한 기존의 설명들을 세 가지 유형으로 나누어 정리·평가하고자 한다. 여기서 세 가지 유형이란 기능적론설명, 권력론적 설명, 국가형성론적 설명을 말한다. 기존 설명들에 대한 평가를 기초로 하여 본 논문은 앞으로의 연구가 지향해야 될 방향으로 두 가지를 제시한다. 하나는 보편적 현상으로의 관료제 형성과 국가마다 특수한 양태를 띠고 나타나는 관료제 형성 사이를 구분해 연구해야 할 필요와, 다른 하나는 위로부터의 관료제화와 더불어 밑으로부터의 관료제화도 중요한 연구 대상이라는 점이다. 결론 부분에서는 관료제 형성이라는 주제가 가지는 현재적 의미에 대하여 간략히 조명하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

During the era of modern state-building, rational bureaucracy was created, along with standing army, as forming an indispensible pillar of the modern state. The field of public administration, however, has paid scant attention to such questions as "why" and "under what conditions" modern rational bureaucracy appeared. This study attempts to sort out and evaluate the existing explanations, which have been given from diverse directions, by classifying them into three types. They consist of a functional explanation, power-centered explanation, and state-building explanation. On the basis of the appraisal of the existing explanations, this study suggests the direction toward which a new research should be directed. One is the need to differentiate the general trend of bureaucratization shown in most modern states from its particular formation in each country. Another is the need to study bureaucratization not only from top-down perspective, but also from bottom-up perspective. At the concluding remark, the relevance that the theme of bureaucracy formation has to the current state of public administration is mentioned.

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