대상, 공간 및 언어 인지양식에 따른 작업기억 과제 수행의 개인차 = Individual Differences in Performance on Working Memory Tasks According to Object, Spatial, and Verbal Cognitive Styles

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

One of the main factors that explain individual differences in working memory capacity is cognitive styles. Although it was proposed that cognitive style consists of three independent dimensions of object, spatial and verbal, the relationship between working memory and the three-dimensional cognitive style has been unknown. Thus, we sought to examine the validity of the Korean version of the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ; Blazhenkove & Kozhevnikov, 2009) (experiment 1), and the relationship between cognitive style and working memory by evaluating the differences in performance on working memory tasks according to individuals' cognitive styles (experiment 2). In the experiment 1, we found that the Korean version of OSIVQ consisted of three main factors (Object, Spatial, and Verbal) and showed satisfactory reliability and validity. These results were repeatedly observed for another sample. In the experiment 2, we found that the greater object style was preferred, the higher accuracy in the object task was scored and that the greater spatial style was preferred, the higher accuracy in the spatial task was shown. In other words, these results demonstrate that there is a close relationship between cognitive style and working memory. Our results suggest that repetitive use of a particular information processing method, according to the preference on the cognitive styles, can lead to improvement in relevant working memory capability.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

작업기억의 개인차를 설명하는 요인들 중 하나는 인지양식이다. 최근 시각-언어의 차원이 아닌 대상-공간-언어의 세 차원으로 이루어진 인지양식이 제기되었지만, 이제까지 이를 고려한 작업기억 연구는 수행되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 개발된 대상, 공간 및 언어 인지양식 질문지(Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire: OSIVQ; Blazhenkove & Kozhevnikov, 2009)를 번안하여 타당도를 검증하고(연구 1), 한국판 OSIVQ를 통해 얻어진 인지양식의 개인차에 따른 작업기억 과제 수행의 차이를 확인함으로써(연구 2) 인지양식과 작업기억의 관계에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 1의 결과, 한국판 OSIVQ의 세 가지 요인(대상, 공간, 및 언어)이 확인되었고, 높은 수준의 신뢰도, 구성타당도 및 생태학적 타당도를 보였다. 이는 다른 표본에서도 반복적으로 확인되었다. 연구 2의 결과, 대상양식의 선호가 높을수록 대상 과제에서 높은 정확률이, 공간양식의 선호가 높을수록 공간 과제에서 높은 정확률이 나타났다. 이는 인지양식이 작업기억과 밀접하게 연관되어 있음을 의미하며, 인지양식 선호에 따른 특정 정보처리 방식의 반복적 사용이 관련 작업기억 능력을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

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