PDA의 화면설계 방식 및 과제유형이 반응시간과 사용자 선호에 미치는 영향 = The Effects of Screen Layout of PDA and Types of Task on Response Time and Users` Preference

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of screen layout of PDA and types of task on response time and user preference. In this study two types of screen layout were applied as pagination and scrolling method for layout design. Also two types of task were utilized as concept task and procedural task. Participants of this study were sixty college students. Pagination layout was defined as a layout which was enabled to navigate screen base without scrolling function. However, scrolling layout was designed to provide whole content with a scroll-bar to read the contents. Cross sequential design was applied to test how different types of task and screen layout affect response time and preference. There were significant differences between screen layout. First, response time was significantly different depending upon types of task and screen layout. When the participants showed faster response time when they performed a concept task with pagination layout. However, with the procedural task participants the pattern of response time was reversed. Second there were no significant differences with time-on-task and performance scores. Third, the question items for readability and usability showed significantly different preference; however, question items for perceived difficulty and organizing the content did not show significant different. This paper discussed that what factor may have impact on response time to reduced cognitive load.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김동식, "인지 부하 이론에 기초한 PDA 기반 학습 프로그램 설계 연구" 한국컴퓨터교육학회 10 (10): 67-75, 2007

2 Pea, R, "WILD for learning. in: The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences" Cambridge University Press 427-441, 2006

3 Öquist, G, "Towards an improved readability on mobile devices: evaluating adaptive rapid serial visual presentation" 15 (15): 539-558, 2003

4 Wästlund, E, "The effect of page layout on mental workload: A dual-task experiment" 24 (24): 1229-1245, 2008

5 Waycott, J, "Students' experiences with PDAs for reading course materials" 7 (7): 30-43, 2003

6 Wittenburg, K, "Rapid serial visual presentation techniques for visualizing a 3rd data dimension" 2003

7 van Gog, T, "Process-oriented worked examples: Improving transfer performance through enhanced understanding" 32 (32): 83-98, 2004

8 Kim, P, "Pocket School: Exploring mobile technology as a sustainable literacy education option for underserved indigenous children in Latin America" 28 (28): 435-445, 2008

9 권오재, "PDA의 정보 표시부에 표시되는 문자 크기와 생리적 부담" 한국감성과학회 8 (8): 321-332, 2005

10 Kukulska-Hulme, A, "Mobile learning: A handbook for educators and trainers" Routledge 2005

11 Cook, A. E, "Measurement of cognitive load during multimedia learning activities in:Cognitive effects of multimedia learning" Information Science Reference 34-50, 2009

12 Churchill, D, "Learning object design considerations for small-screen handheld devices" 50 (50): 881-893, 2008

13 Ayres, P, "Interdisciplinary perspectives inspiring a new generation of cognitive load research" 21 (21): 1-9, 2009

14 van Gog, T, "Instructional efficiency: Revisiting the original construct in educational research" 43 (43): 16-26, 2008

15 Albers, M, "Information design for the small-screen interface: an overview of web design issues for personal digital assistants" 49 (49): 45-60, 2001

16 Hyönä, J, "Individual differences in reading to summarize expository text: Evidence from eye fixation patterns" 94 (94): 44-45, 2002

17 Kaakinen, J. K, "How prior knowledge, WMC, and relevance of information affect eye fixations in expository text" 29 (29): 447-457, 2003

18 Öquist, G, "Eye movement study of reading on a mobile device using the page and RSVP text presentation formats. Lecture Notes in Computer Science" Springer Berlin 108-119, 2004

19 Russell, M. C, "Exploring effects of speed and font size with RSVP" 2001

20 Lin, Y.-L, "Evaluation of RSVP and display types on decoding performance of information extraction tasks. in: Lectures Notes in Computer Science" Springer Berlin 380-388, 2007

21 Goldstein, M, "Enhancing the reading experience: using adaptive and sonified RSVP for reading on small displays" 2001

22 van Gog, T, "Effects of studying sequences of process-oriented and product-oriented worked examples on troubleshooting transfer efficiency" 18 (18): 211-222, 2008

23 van Gog, T, "Effects of process-oriented worked examples on troubleshooting transfer performance.Learning and" 16 (16): 154-164, 2006

24 Wang, A.-H, "Effect of PDA scrolling- and hierarchy-menu design on users' operating performance" 25 (25): 109-114, 2004

25 Bråten, I, "Does the influence of reading purpose on reports of strategic text processing depend on students’ topic knowledge?" 96 (96): 324-336, 2004

26 Brünken, R, "Direct measurement of cognitive load in multimedia learning" 38 (38): 53-61, 2003

27 Nilsson, E. G, "Design patterns for user interface for mobile applications" 40 (40): 1318-1328, 2009

28 Mukherjee, S, "Browsing fatigue in handhelds: Semantic bookmarking spells relief" 2005

29 Brünken, R, "Assessment of cognitive load in multimedia learning with dual-task methodology: auditory load and modality effects" 32 (32): 115-132, 2004

30 Anderson, L. W, "A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives: Complete edition" Longman 2001

31 Krathwohl, D.R, "A revision of bloom's taxonomy: An overview" 41 (41): 212-218, 2002

32 DeLeeuw, K. E, "A comparison of three measures of cognitive load: Evidence for separable measures of intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load" 100 (100): 223-234, 2008

33 Christie, J, "A comparison of simple hierarchy and grid metaphors for option layouts on small-size screens" 60 (60): 564-584, 2004