탐라(耽羅) 전기(前期)의 취락구조(聚落構造)와 사회상(社會相) = The Settlement Structures and Social Aspects during the Former Half of Tamra

국문 초록 (Abstract)

탐라시대 전기의 거점취락은 경계석축, 공동 창고군, 공공 건물지, 특수목적 주거지, 석조우물의 축조와 같이 이전에 없던 차별화된 취락구조를 보여주고 있다. 또한 타날문토기의 영향으로 표준화된 외도동식토기가 출현하고 곽지리식토기로 발전한다.
취락내 사회구조를 살펴보면 우선 대규모 토목공사를 진행했던 공인집단과 표준화된 토기제작의 전문 장인집단, 수공업 생산집단, 대외교역의 수행집단 등으로 이루어진 분업화된 사회조직을 구성하고 있다. 더불어 이러한 사회구성원을 통제하기 위한 상위계층의 존재도 상정된다. 앞서 본 바와 같이 탐라 전기 사회는 분업화된 전문기술집단과 수장층이 존재하는 위계화된 취락사회로 해석되며 이는 바로 탐라정치체의 등장을 시사한다.
탐라 전기의 취락사회는 전남지역이 백제에 영역화되는 6세기 중반 이전까지 서남부권역의 마한세력을 거점으로 남부 가야와의 대외교역 루트를 통해 활발한 교류가 이루어진다. 이러한 맥락은 3~5세기대 제주에서 출토된 외래계토기가 대부분 마한계토기이고 소가야계토기가 일부 동반되는 것으로 입증된다.
탐라의 상위계층은 안정적인 철수입과 선진문물을 도입하고 다양한 정보를 입수하기 위해 한반도 남부지역의 제소국과 교섭을 갖고 다원적인 외교활동을 지속했던 것으로 추정된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The base settlements of the former half of the Tamra period show differentiated settlement structures not found in the previous period such as boundary stonework, joint warehouses, public building sites, special-purpose residence, and stone wells. In addition, the Oidodong-type pottery, which was standardized by the influence of the paddling-patterned pottery, emerged and developed into the Gwakjiri-type pottery.
As for the social structure within the settlement, they formed a specialized social structure consisting of the group of public figures in charge of large-scale public works, the group of professional artisans in charge of standardized pottery production, the group of manual industry-based production, and the group of overseas trade. It is estimated that there was an upper class to control these members of the society. As mentioned earlier, the society during the former half of Tamra is interpreted to have been a hierarchical settlement society with specialized professional technical groups and the ruling class, which implies the emergence of the Tamra political body.
The settlement society during the former half of Tamra had active exchanges with Southern Gaya via the overseas trade route with its base in the Mahan force in the southwestern region until the middle sixth century when the Jeonnam region was incorporated into the territory of Baekje. This context is verified by the fact that most of the foreign pottery excavated in Jeju in the third to fifth century was the Mahan-style pottery with the Sogaya-style pottery accompanying it in some cases.
It is estimated that the upper class of Tamra had negotiations with small states in the southern parts of the Korean Peninsula and continued its pluralist diplomatic activities with them in order to ensure the stable import of iron, introduce advanced civilization, and obtain various pieces of information.