독일의 노동시장제도와 유럽연합(EU)고용정책에 대한 정책선호

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 EU고용정책에 대한 독일의 선호와 그것을 형성한 근본 원인을 밝히는데 있다. 조정시장경제체제의 제도적 하부구조로서 독일의 노동시장제도는, 높 은 고용보호 및 노동비용을 바탕으로 숙련인력을 양성하여 고품질 제품의 제조업 경쟁력을 지탱하는 핵심에 해당했다. 그러나 높은 고용보호 및 노동비용은 기존 제도의 경직성과 노동시장 외부자 문제를 가져왔다. 따라서 기존 제도의 비교우위를 유지하면 서 동시에 비교열위를 해결하는 기회로 유럽고용전략이 포함된 EU고용정책을 활용하 고자 했다. 그 결과 독일은 새로운 고용정책이 노동시장의 유연성을 강화함과 동시에 노동시장 외부자를 위한 일자리 창출에 역점을 두어야 하며, 자국에 발달된 사회 동반 자 관계의 자율성을 침해해서는 안 되며, 그리고 유럽 차원의 유연안정성 원칙도 외부 유연성만을 강조해서는 안 된다고 주장했다. 그와 더불어 독일은 사용자를 위해 국내 노동시장제도를 보다 유연화시키지만, 그것이 급격한 탈규제로 흐르거나 유럽 차원에 서 그런 탈규제가 강요되지 못하도록 막는 유럽 공통의 최소 기준을 내용으로 한 EU 고용정책을 원했다. 이는 국가경쟁력의 원천이 된 자국 생산체제의 핵심적인 면, 곧 기존 노동시장제도의 핵심적인 면을 근본적으로 유지하려는 것이 근본 원인으로 작동했다.

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