Optimized supercritical fluid extraction and effect of ionic liquids on picroside I and picroside II recovery from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora rhizomes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted extraction (SC CO2E) process was optimized for extracting picroside I and picroside II from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora rhizomes. The picroside I and picroside II content was determined using validated LC–MS methodology. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study quantitative effects of extraction parameters viz.
operating pressure, temperature, modifier concentration and extraction time using Box–Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and analyzed using the appropriate statistical method. By solving the regression equation and analyzing 3D plots, the optimum extraction conditions were found to be: extraction pressure, 25 MPa;temperature, 40 C; modifier concentration, 15 % and extraction time, 90 min. The effect of four different ionic liquids (IL) as a modifier additive has been investigated using optimized SCCO2E conditions. None of the IL showed equivalent or enhanced recovery of analytes of interest. The conventional hot percolation of P. scrophulariiflora powder resulted in 23.69 ± 1.02 and 10.22 ± 0.71 mg g-1 picroside I and II, respectively, after an extraction period of 6 h whereas SC CO2E with methanol as modifier showed 33.14 ± 1.23 and 16.77 ± 0.82 mg g-1 recovery of picroside I and II, respectively in 90 min. The comparison of yield and extraction time demonstrated that SC CO2E using methanol as modifier is more efficient than conventional hot percolation method.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kim IH, "Two phenylpropanoid glycosides from Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora" 54 : 275-277, 2006

2 Huang SX, "Two new iridoid glucosides from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora" 8 : 259-263, 2006

3 Li JX, "Three phenylethanoid glycosides and an iridoid glycoside from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora" 48 : 537-542, 1998

4 Anonymous, "Thermophysical properties of fluid systems. National Institute of Standards and Technology"

5 Tiwari SS, "TLC densitometric quantification of picrosides (picroside-I and picroside-II) in Picrorhiza kurroa and its substitute Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora and their antioxidant studies" 26 : 61-68, 2012

6 Reverchon E, "Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter" 38 : 146-166, 2006

7 Turner C, "Supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography for fat-soluble vitamin analysis" 936 : 215-237, 2001

8 Machmudah S, "Supercritical CO2 extraction of rosehip seed oil: fatty acids composition and process optimization" 41 : 421-428, 2007

9 Box GEP, "Statistics for experimenters" Wiley 1997

10 Bhandari P, "Stability-indicating LC–PDA method for determination of picrosides in hepatoprotective Indian herbal preparations of Picrorhiza kurroa" 69 : 221-227, 2009

11 Bhandari P, "Simultaneous determination of sugars and picrosides in Picrorhiza species using ultrasonic extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection" 1194 : 257-261, 2008

12 Young-Lae Lee, "Quality by design: understanding the formulation variables and optimization of metformin hydrochloride 750 mg sustained release tablet by Box–Behnken design" 한국약제학회 42 (42): 213-220, 2012

13 Chimowitz EH, "Process synthesis concepts for supercritical gas extraction in the crossover region" 32 : 1665-1676, 1986

14 Guo Z, "Predictions of flavonoid solubility in ionic liquids by COSMO-RS: experimental verification, structural elucidation, and solvation characterization" 9 : 1362-1373, 2007

15 Vaidya AB, "Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutaki) Royle ex Benth as a hepatoprotective agent—experimental & clinical studies" 42 : 105-108, 1996

16 Chander R, "Picroliv, picroside-I and kutkoside from Picrorhiza kurroa are scavengers of superoxide anions" 44 : 180-183, 1992

17 Roth M, "Partitioning behaviour of organic compounds between ionic liquids and supercritical fluids" 1216 : 1861-1880, 2009

18 Ma Q, "Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lutein esters from marigold (Tagetes erect L.) with soybean oil as a co-solvent" 43 : 1763-1769, 2008

19 Wakte PS, "Optimization of microwave, ultra-sonic and supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction techniques for curcumin from Curcuma longa" 79 : 50-55, 2011

20 Li P, "Nerve growth factorpotentiating compounds from Picrorhizae rhizome" 23 : 890-892, 2000

21 Jin R, "Microwave assisted ionic liquid pretreatment of medicinal plants for fast solvent extraction of active ingredients" 83 : 45-49, 2011

22 Wang H, "Iridoids from Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora and their hepatoprotective activities in vitro" 54 : 1144-1149, 2006

23 Kim IH, "Iridoid glycosides and cucurbitacin glycoside from Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora" 67 : 2691-2696, 2006

24 Brennecke JF, "Ionic liquids: innovative fluids for chemical processing" 47 : 2384-2388, 2001

25 Jeong ML, "Investigation of modifier effects in supercritical CO2 extraction from various solid matrices" 16 : 33-42, 1999

26 Bantawa P, "In-vitro regeneration of an endangered medicinal plant Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora" 55 : 169-172, 2011

27 Smit HF, "Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora" 73 : 101-109, 2000

28 Li X, "Extraction of glabridin using imidazolium-based ionic liquids" 88 : 146-150, 2012

29 Kong Y, "Ethanol modified supercritical fluid extraction and antioxidant activity of cajaninstilbene acid and pinostrobin from pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] leaves" 117 : 152-159, 2009

30 Montgomery DC, "Design and analysis of experiments" Wiley 1997

31 Fulzele DP, "Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida" 1063 : 9-13, 2005

32 Xu Z, "Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting c-oryzanol from rice bran" 77 : 547-551, 2000

33 Anderson JL, "Characterizing ionic liquids on the basis of multiple solvation interactions" 124 : 14247-14254, 2002

34 Ma WY, "Application of ionic liquids based microwave-assisted extraction of three alkaloids N-nornuciferine, O-nornuciferine, and nuciferine from lotus leaf" 80 : 1292-1297, 2010

35 Huie CW, "A review of modern sample-preparation techniques for the extraction and analysis of medicinal plants" 373 : 23-30, 2002

36 Keskin S, "A review of ionic liquids towards supercritical fluid applications" 43 : 150-180, 2007