自由理念 形成의 構造的 硏究 = ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE MILTONIC IDEA OF LIBERTY

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Closely examining Milton's life and works, it may be said that 'Give me liberty or give me death' is not merely a catchphrase or a motto against tyrauny. Liberty has an essential relation to human life. For Milton fiercely struggled through his life and works to win liberty, by writing pamphlets concerinng domestic, social, religious, and lipolitical berties or creating sonnets and poems concerning them. But in the end he lost not only most liberties for them but also his sight. Neverthelees, he was never defeated, and never discouraged, but demonstrated his idea of liberty in his epic 'Paradise Lost' with wonderful and beautiful and grand style. So, many readers appreciate it as an epic about liberty rather than for its idea of original sin.
At first, Paradise Lost expresses that God's purpose for creating man was due to man's liberty. Therefore, without liberty for man, there is no need of creating him. Hence without liberty for man there is no necessity for his salvation, because man's free will is one of the most important of human values. For instance, man's original sin was committed after a test of his free will from Raphael, God's messenger. But the liberty must not to be enjoyed beyond man's responsibility, ability and reasonableness. Both Satan and Adam were ruined owing to their violation on these limits.
Milton's idea of liberty, based on Christian doctrine, naturally has terms with original sin, and tends to be Christian individualism and Puritan democracy. So one's physical freedom must be harmonized with one's spiritual freedom. If this is lost, then that must be ineffective for one, because the spirit controls everything for ever. Now, man's liberty has a close connection with politics. Even Satan wanted to rule freely and he prefered 'Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven'. But the political liberty must be resorted on some laws as its limitation. Naturally law comes from a sense of justice and it must be derived from reason. As free will, is rooted in God's will, so reason must flow from God's will. But reason is often obsecured by sex especially and hand in hand with political power.
Yet Milton's idea of liberty never was an illusion nor an empty theory but an existential reality. It was realistic idea living in the present. Hence, he insists 'thou shalt possess. A paradise within thee happier far'.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序
• Ⅱ. 散文에 나타난 自由精神
• Ⅲ. 서事詩에 나타난 自由理念의 構造
• ㄱ. 自由와 創造
• 자유의 비중-창조와 동가성-구원과의 관계
• ㄴ. 自由意志
• 자유의지의 뜻-행동과의 관계-원죄와의 관계
• ㄷ. 自由의 限界
• 능력과 책임-타당성과 가치-사탄의 경우-아담의 경우-선택의 자유-필연성
• ㄹ. 自由의 特色
• 민주주의-기독교적 자유-원죄에서-안과 밖-형식면에서
• ㅁ. 自由와 政治理念
• 사탄의 예-밀튼 실명의 변-법개념-이성-무지와 섹스-신의 뜻
• Ⅳ. 結言
• 자유이념의 종합적 성격-자유핵의 건전성-자유의 실존성
• 參考書目