20대 여성의 신체불만족 수준에 따른 신체 관련 단어에 대한 주의편향 및 기억편향 = Attentional and Memory Biases for Body-Related Words According to Body Dissatisfaction Level in Women in their 20s

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to examine attentional and memory biases toward body-related words according to the level of body dissatisfaction among women in their twenties. A total of 234 Korean women in their twenties completed the Body Dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). Based on the scores, 30 participants with high body dissatisfaction and 30 with low body dissatisfaction (total N = 60) were included in the final analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0. The main findings were as follows. First, for reaction times in the Stroop task, a significant main effect of body dissatisfaction was found, such that participants with high body dissatisfaction showed longer reaction times than those with low body dissatisfaction, while the interaction between group and word type was not significant. Second, for error rates in the Stroop task, significant main effects of body dissatisfaction and word type were observed, indicating that the high body dissatisfaction group and body-related negative words were associated with relatively higher error rates; however, the group×word type interaction was not significant. Third, in the free recall task, a significant group×word type interaction was found, such that participants with high body dissatisfaction recalled more body-related negative words than those with low body dissatisfaction. Fourth, in the recognition task, neither the main effects of group and word type nor the group×word type interaction were significant. Fifth, in the word stem completion task, a significant group×word type interaction was observed, with participants with high body dissatisfaction completing more body-related negative words than those with low body dissatisfaction. In summary, body dissatisfaction among young adult women influenced the cognitive processing of body-related emotional information, particularly at the levels of semantic processing and memory. Although clear attentional bias was not evident in the Stroop task, both the free recall and word-stem completion tasks revealed selective recall and negative associative activation for body-related negative words. These findings suggest that body dissatisfaction may be maintained not merely by negative affect but by cognitive mechanisms such as selective encoding and retrieval of negative self-related information, as well as automatic, implicit processing of negative body-related cues. This study contributes to the literature by integratively examining attentional and memory biases across multiple cognitive tasks, thereby elucidating the cognitive mechanisms underlying body dissatisfaction in women in their twenties and providing foundational evidence for psychological interventions aimed at promoting healthier body image.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 20대 여성을 대상으로 신체불만족 수준에 따른 신체 관련 단어에 대한 주의편향 및 기억편향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 국내 20대 여성 234명을 대상으로 섭식장애 질문지(Eating Disorder Inventory-2: EDI-2)의 하위척도인 신체불만족 척도를 실시하였고 이후 신체불만족 점 수를 기준으로 높은 신체불만족 집단 30명과 낮은 신체불만족 집단 30명, 총 60명의 실험 참여자가 분석에 포함되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 29.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스트룹 과제의 반응시간에서 신체불만족 수준의 주효과가 유의 하여, 신체불만족 수준이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 더 긴 반응시간 을 보였으며, 집단×단어유형 상호작용효과는 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 스트룹 과제의 오류율에서 신체불만족 수준의 주효과와 단어유 형의 주효과가 관찰되어, 신체불만족 수준이 높은 집단과 신체 관련 부 정 단어에서 오류율이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 집단×단어유형 상호 작용효과는 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 자유회상과제에서는 집단×단어유형 상호작용효과가 유의하여, 신체불만족 수준이 높은 집단에서 신체 관련 부정 단어의 회상량이 더 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 재인과제에서는 집단 및 단어유형의 주효과와 집단×단어유형 상 호작용효과 모두 유의하지 않았다. 다섯째, 어간완성과제에서는 집단×단어유형 상호작용효과가 유의하여, 신체불만족 수준이 높은 집단에서 신체 관련 부정 단어의 완성 빈도가 더 높게 나타났다. 요약하면, 20대 여성의 신체불만족 수준은 신체 관련 정서 정보의 인 지적 처리 과정에 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 의미적 처리 및 기억 단계에서 부정적 신체 정보가 선택적으로 활성화되는 경향이 확인되었다. 스트룹 과제에서는 신체불만족 수준에 따른 주의편향이 명확히 드러나지 않았 다. 반면 자유회상과제와 어간완성과제에서 신체 관련 부정 단어에 대한 선택적 회상 및 부정적 의미 연상이 나타나 부정적 신체 정보가 의미적 처리와 암묵적 연상 단계에서 보다 뚜렷하게 활성화됨을 확인하였다. 이 는 신체불만족이 단순한 정서적 반응을 넘어 부정적 자기관련 정보의 선 택적 부호화·인출 및 자동적 처리와 같은 인지적 기제를 통해 유지될 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 20대 여성의 신체불만족 수준에 따른 주의편향 및 기억편 향을 통합적으로 검증함으로써 신체불만족의 인지적 메커니즘을 구체적 으로 밝히고 건강한 신체상 형성을 위한 심리적 개입의 기초자료를 제공 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 ·············································································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ············································································1
• 2. 연구 문제 ····································································································6
• 3. 용어의 정의 ································································································7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ··································································································9
• 1. 신체불만족 ··································································································9
• 2. 주의편향 ····································································································11
• 3. 기억편향 ····································································································12
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ······································································································14
• 1. 연구대상 ····································································································14
• 2. 측정도구 ····································································································17
• 3. 실험자료 ····································································································21
• 4. 실험절차 ····································································································24
• 5. 자료분석 ····································································································28
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 ······································································································30
• 1. 주요 변인들 간의 기술통계 및 상관분석 ··········································30
• 2. 집단 간 사전 동질성 검증 ····································································31
• 3. 스트룹 과제의 반응시간 ········································································32
• 4. 스트룹 과제의 오류율 ············································································34
• 5. 자유회상과제의 회상량 ··········································································38
• 6. 재인과제에서의 재인 수 ········································································40
• 7. 어간완성과제에서의 완성 빈도 ····························································42
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 제언 ······························································································47
• 참고문헌 ·········································································································54
• 부록 ·················································································································66
• 부록 1. 신체불만족 척도 ······································································67
• 부록 2. 우울 척도 ····················································································68
• 부록 3. 연구동의서 ··················································································71
• Abstract ·········································································································75