Elementary statistics

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part 1 Descriptive Statistics = 1
• CHAPTER 1 STATISTICS = 2
• Miscellaneous Statistics = 3
• Chapter Objectives = 4
• 1.1 WHAT IS STATISTICS? = 4
• 1.2 USES AND MISUSES OF STATISTICS = 6
• Case Study 1-1 What We Throw Away = 6
• Case Study 1-2 How We Pay For Things = 7
• Case Study 1-3 Many Say No To Nursing Homes = 7
• 1.3 INTRODUCTION TO BASIC TERMS = 8
• 1.4 MEASURABILITY AND VARIABILITY = 15
• 1.5 DATA COLLECTION = 15
• 1.6 COMPARISON OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS = 20
• 1.7 STATISTICS AND THE COMPUTER = 21
• In Retrospect = 23
• Chapter Exercises = 23
• Vocabulary List = 25
• Quiz = 25
• CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF SINGLE-VARIABLE DATA = 28
• Household Earnings Rise for 3rd Year = 29
• Chapter Objectives = 30
• GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF DATA
• 2.1 GRAPHS AND STEM-AND-LEAF DISPLAYS = 30
• 2.2 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS, HISTOGRAMS, AND OGIVES = 37
• Case Study 2-1 Cracking the Books on Campus = 46
• CALCULATED DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
• 2.3 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY = 48
• Case Study 2-2 "Average" Means Different Things = 53
• Case Study 2-3 Is Your Return Audit Bait? = 55
• 2.4 MEASURES OF DISPERSION = 58
• 2.5 MEASURES OF POSITION = 68
• 2.6 INTERPRETING AND UNDERSTANDING STANDARD DEVIATION = 77
• Case Study 2-4 Marketline = 81
• 2.7 THE ART OF STATISTICAL DECEPTION = 83
• In Retrospect = 86
• Chapter Exercises = 87
• Vocabulary List = 95
• Quiz = 96
• CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF BIVARIATE DATA = 98
• Ages of Mated Pairs of California Gulls = 99
• Chapter Objectives = 100
• 3.1 BIVARIATE DATA = 100
• Case Study 3-1 Breast Cancer: The Diet-Cancer Connection = 102
• 3.2 LINEAR CORRELATION = 105
• Case Study 3-2 Media and Rape Study = 110
• 3.3 LINEAR REGRESSION = 112
• Case Study 3-3 Points and Fouls in Basketball = 121
• In Retrospect = 124
• Chapter Exercises = 124
• Vocabulary List = 127
• Quiz = 128
• Working with Your Own Data = 129
• Part 2 Probability = 133
• CHAPTER 4 PROBABILITY = 134
• Another Way Alcohol Can Truly Hurt You = 135
• Chapter Objectives = 136
• CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
• 4.1 THE NATURE OF PROBABILITY = 136
• 4.2 PROBABILITY OF EVENTS = 138
• Case Study 4-1 Ratings-Race Roundup = 142
• 4.3 SIMPLE SAMPLE SPACES = 144
• 4.4 RULES OF PROBABILITY = 149
• CALCULATING PROBABILITIES OF COMPOUND EVENTS
• 4.5 COMPLEMENTARY, MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS, AND THE ADDITION RULE = 153
• 4.6 INDEPENDENCE, MULTIPLICATION RULE, AND CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY = 160
• Case Study 4-2 Probability: An Important Tool in Police Science = 166
• 4.7 COMBINING THE RULES OF PROBABILITY = 169
• Case Study 4-3 WIN-10 = 173
• In Retrospect = 177
• Chapter Exercises = 177
• Vocabulary List = 184
• Quiz = 184
• CHAPTER 5 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS (DISCRETE VARIABLES) = 186
• An Analysis of Accidents at a Day Care Center = 187
• Chapter Objectives = 188
• 5.1 RANDOM VARIABLES = 188
• 5.2 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE = 190
• Case Study 5-1 Who Needs the Ambulance? = 193
• Case Study 5-2 Woes of the Weekend Jock = 193
• 5.3 MEAN AND VARIANCE OF A DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION = 196
• 5.4 THE BINOMIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION = 200
• 5.5 MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION = 211
• In Retrospect = 213
• Chapter Exercises = 214
• Vocabulary List = 218
• Quiz = 219
• CHAPTER 6 NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS = 220
• Teaching Breast and Testicular Self-Exams: Evaluation of a High School Curriculum Pilot Project = 221
• Chapter Objectives = 222
• 6.1 NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS = 222
• 6.2 THE STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION = 224
• 6.3 APPLICATIONS OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS = 230
• 6.4 NOTATION = 237
• 6.5 NORMAL APPROXIMATION OF THE BINOMIAL = 241
• In Retrospect = 246
• Chapter Exercises = 246
• Vocabulary List = 250
• Quiz = 250
• CHAPTER 7 SAMPLE VARIABILITY = 252
• How Poll Was Conducted = 253
• Chapter Objectives = 254
• 7.1 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS = 254
• Case Study 7-1 Bosses Are Hung Up By Phones = 257
• Case Study 7-2 Galluping Attitudes = 258
• 7.2 THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM = 261
• 7.3 APPLICATION OF THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM = 269
• In Retrospect = 274
• Chapter Exercises = 275
• Vocabulary List = 278
• Quiz = 278
• Working with Your Own Data = 279
• Part 3 Inferential Statistics
• CHAPTER 8 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL INFERENCES = 282
• Evaluation of Teaching Techniques for Introductory Accounting Courses = 283
• Chapter Objectives = 284
• 8.1 THE NATURE OF HYPOTHESIS TESTING = 284
• 8.2 THE HYPOTHESIS TEST (A CLASSICAL APPROACH) = 293
• 8.3 THE HYPOTHESIS TEST (A PROBABILITY-VALUE APPROACH) = 304
• 8.4 ESTIMATION = 310
• In Retrospect = 320
• Chapter Exercises = 320
• Vocabulary List = 324
• Quiz = 325
• CHAPTER 9 INFERENCES INVOLVING ONE POPULATION = 326
• Attitudes in Black and White = 327
• Chapter Objectives = 328
• 9.1 INFERENCES ABOUT THE POPULATION MEAN = 328
• 9.2 INFERENCES ABOUT THE BINOMIAL PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS = 336
• Case Study 9-1 Poll Finds Suspicion of Reagan = 341
• Case Study 9-2 Gallup Report: Sampling Tolerances = 341
• 9.3 INFERENCES ABOUT VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION = 345
• In Retrospect = 353
• Chapter Exercises = 354
• Vocabulary List = 359
• Quiz = 359
• CHAPTER 10 INFERENCES INVOLVING TWO POPULATIONS = 362
• We Like Our Work = 363
• Chapter Objectives = 364
• 10.1 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT SAMPLES = 364
• Case Study 10-1 Exploring the Traits of Twins = 365
• 10.2 INFERENCES CONCERNING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEANS OF TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES (VARIANCES KNOWN OR LARGE SAMPLES) = 367
• Case Study 10-2 Who's Making What? = 371
• 10.3 INFERENCES CONCERNING THE RATIO OF VARIANCES BETWEEN TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES = 374
• Case Study 10-3 Personality Characteristics of Police , Applicants: Comparisons Across , Subgroups and with Other Populations = 380
• 10.4 INFERENCES CONCERNING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEANS OF TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES (VARIANCES UNKNOWN AND SMALL SAMPLES) = 382
• Case Study 10-4 An Empirical Study of Faculty Evaluation Systems: Business Faculty Perceptions = 387
• 10.5 INFERENCES CONCERNING THE MEAN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO DEPENDENT SAMPLES = 391
• 10.6 INFERENCES CONCERNING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROPORTIONS OF TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES = 397
• Case Study 10-5 What Women and Men Think About Job Bias Affecting Women = 401
• Case Study 10-6 Gallup Report: Sampling Tolerances = 402
• Case Study 10-7 Cheating: Getting an Honest Answer = 404
• In Retrospect = 406
• Chapter Exercises = 407
• Vocabulary List = 415
• Quiz = 415
• Working with Your Own Data = 416
• Part 4 More lnferential Statistics = 419
• CHAPTER 11 ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS OF CHI-SQUARE = 420
• Trial by Number = 421
• Chapter Objectives = 422
• 11.1 CHI-SQUARE STATISTIC = 422
• 11.2 INFERENCES CONCERNING MULTINOMIAL EXPERIMENTS = 423
• Case Study 11-1 Students' Strategies for Schools = 428
• 11.3 INFERENCES CONCERNING CONTINGENCY TABLES = 431
• Case Study 11-2 Wanted: More Action = 437
• Case Study 11-3 50% Opposed to Building Nuclear Plants = 438
• In Retrospect = 441
• Chapter Exercises = 442
• Vocabulary List = 446
• Quiz = 447
• CHAPTER 12 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE = 448
• Tillage Test Plots Revisited = 449
• Chapter Objectives = 450
• 12.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TECHNIQUE = 450
• 12.2 THE LOGIC BEHIND ANOVA = 455
• Case Study 12-1 Waiting for a Verdict = 458
• 12.3 APPLICATIONS OF SINGLE-FACTOR ANOVA = 458
• Case Study 12-2 The Effect of the Class Evaluation Method on Learning in Certain Mathematics Courses = 463
• In Retrospect = 467
• Chapter Exercises = 467
• Vocabulary List = 471
• Quiz = 471
• CHAPTER 13 LINEAR CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS = 474
• Nutritional Outcome of 207 Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants in an Intensive Care Unit = 475
• Chapter Objectives = 476
• 13.1 LINEAR CORRELATION ANALYSIS = 476
• 13.2 INFERENCES ABOUT THE LINEAR CORRELATION COEFFICIENT = 481
• Case Study 13-1 Personality Characteristics of Police Applicants = 483
• Case Study 13-2 Detroit Hangs Tough = 484
• 13.3 LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS = 486
• 13.4 INFERENCES CONCERNING THE SLOPE OF THE REGRESSION LINE = 493
• 13.5 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL ESTIMATES FOR REGRESSION = 496
• 13.6 UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORRELATION AND REGRESSION = 504
• In Retrospect = 505
• Chapter Exercises = 506
• Vocabulary List = 511
• Quiz = 511
• CHAPTER 14 ELEMENTS OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS = 514
• Study Finds That Money Can't Buy Job Satisfaction = 515
• Chapter Objectives = 516
• 14.1 NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS = 516
• 14.2 THE SIGN TEST = 517
• 14.3 THE MANN-WHITNEY U TEST = 523
• Case Study 14-1 Health Beliefs and Practices of Runners Versus Nonrunners = 528
• 14.4 THE RUNS TEST = 530
• 14.5 RANK CORRELATION = 535
• Case Study 14-2 Effects of Therapeutic Touch on Tension Headache Pain = 538
• 14.6 COMPARING STATISTICAL TESTS = 541
• In Retrospect = 542
• Chapter Exercises = 543
• Vocabulary List = 546
• Quiz = 547
• Working with Your Own Data = 548
• Appendixes = 551
• A SUMMATION NOTATION = 552
• B USING THE RANDOM NUMBER TABLE = 558
• C ROUND-OFF PROCEDURE = 560
• D INTERPOLATION PROCEDURE FOR F DISTRIBUTION = 563
• E TABLES = 566
• 1. Random Numbers = 566
• 2. Factorials = 568
• 3. Binomial Coefficients = 569
• 4. Binomial Probabilities = 570
• 5. Areas of the Standard Normal Distribution = 573
• 6. Critical Values of Student's t Distribution = 574
• 7. Critical Values of the $$X^2$$ Distribution = 575
• 8a. Critical Values of the F Distribution (a＝0.05) = 576
• 8b. Critical Values of the F Distribution (a＝0.025) = 578
• 8c. Critical Values of the F Distribution (a＝0.01) = 580
• 9. Critical Values of r when $$\rho$$＝0 = 582
• 10. Confidence Belts for the Correlation Coefficient = 583
• 11. Critical Values for the Sign Test = 584
• 12. Critical Values of U in the Mann-Whitney Test = 585
• 13. Critical Values for Total Number of Runs (V) = 586
• 14. Critical Values of Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient = 587
• Answer to Selected Exercises = 589
• Answers to Chapter Quizzes = 607
• Index = 609