에너지 전환을 위한 전력부문의 성과기반규제에 관한 연구: 미국 하와이 사례를 중심으로 = A Study on Performance-Based Regulation in the Electricity Sector for the Energy Transition: Focusing on the case of Hawaii

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Decarbonizing the power sector is a key challenge in the era of climate change. However, the expansion of renewable energy, which is considered to be a representative decarbonized and low-carbon energy source, poses major challenges to the existing power system due to its decentralized and intermittent nature. Therefore, the energy transition requires a fundamental reorganization of the domestic power system, especially the power market.
This paper examines the unique features of our electricity market and system, and the crises it faces. In particular, as energy supply and demand are closely linked to the dynamics of the global order, energy security has become a key variable in the survival and growth of our national economies. In addition, the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, which has emerged alongside the human challenge of the climate crisis, not only requires the transformation of our energy system, but also entails a myriad of socioeconomic conflicts in the process of energy transition. Above all, our electricity system is characterized by a centralized, state-led system with extremely low autonomy in design and operation, which makes it difficult to consider innovative alternatives to respond to the above-mentioned crises.
Against this backdrop, Performance Based Regulation (PBR), which visualizes and measures the performance of power companies and provides incentives for mass adoption of renewable energy, has significant implications for our power system. This study examines the background, strengths, and limitations of such mechanisms through the case of the U.S. state of Hawaii, which has introduced and operated such mechanisms early, with the main objective of drawing out the implications and future challenges of Hawaii's PBR and contributing to securing the sustainability of our electricity market and governance.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 산업통상자원부, "제10차 전력수급기본계획(2022~2036)" 2023

2 유정민, "전력산업구조개편 담론의 재구성" 한국환경정책학회 19 (19): 2011

3 성중탁, "전기요금의 법적 성격 및 요금 결정 체계의 문제점-헌법재판소 2021. 4. 29. 2017헌가25 결정에 대한 평석을 겸하여-" 법제처 697 : 2002

4 백옥선, "전기요금 규제의 공법적 쟁점과 규제체계 개편을 위한 과제" 한국법제연구원 (63) : 2022

5 박찬국, "일본 소매전력시장 개방에 따른 신사업 발전" 에너지경제연구원 2015

6 온실가스종합정보센터, "에너지통계원보"

7 이종영, "에너지법학" 박영사 2022

8 페레이둔 시오산시, "에너지 전환 전력산업의 미래" 이모션미디어 2018

9 이재협, "스마트그리드 법정책" 박영사 2017

10 박지혜, "석탄화력 발전소 관련 법・정책의 개선 과제" 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 21 : 2018

11 서울중앙지법, "서울중앙지법, 2012. 10. 5. 선고 2012가합1011 판결"

12 이재협 ; 박진영, "분산전원 활성화를 위한 법제도의 정비" 한국환경법학회 43 (43): 2021

13 이재협 ; 이태동, "미국 하와이 주정부의 재생에너지 전환 법정책 연구" 한국환경법학회 38 (38): 2016

14 김승완, "기후변화 대응을 위한 에너지 전환과 전력부문의 인센티브 규제 : 영국의RIIO 체계를 중심으로" 한국법제연구원 2020 (2020): 2020

15 김재엽 ; 정연제, "국내 계약종별 전기요금 체계의 가격신호 회복에 따른 환경편익분석" 한국환경경제학회 31 (31): 2022

16 토머스 쿤, "과학혁명의 구조" 까치글방 [서울] 2013

17 윤순진, "공공참여적 에너지 거버넌스의 모색 : 전력정책에 대한 시민합의회의 사례에 대한 평가를 바탕으로" 서울행정학회 15 (15): 2005

18 Joel B. Eisen, "Utilities With Purpose" 76 :

19 PBR State Working Group, "Tracking State Developments of Performance-Based Regulation" National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners 2024

20 Huhta, Kaisa, "The contribution of energy law to the energy transition and energy research" 73 : 2022

21 The House Committee on Energy and Environmental Protection, "The Twenty-sixth Legislature Regular Session of 2012, Testimony of Jeffrey T. Ono"

22 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Staff Proposal for Updated Performance-Based Regulations"

23 Breyer, Stephen, "Regulation and Its Reform" Harvard University Press 1989

24 McNish, Tyler, "Reform Incentives, Transform the Grid : Making Good on Hawai'i's Renewable Energy Ambitions" 45 (45): 2018

25 Dan Cross-Call, "Process for Purpose:Reimagining Regulatory Approaches for Power Sector Transformation" Rocky Mountain Institute 2019

26 Zsuzsanna Pató, "Performance-based regulation : Aligning incentives with clean energy outcomes"

27 Mark Newton Lowry, "Performance-based Regulation in a High Distributed Energy Resources Future" Future Electric Utility Regulation 2016

28 Advanced Energy Economy, "Performance-Based Regulation: Aligning Utility Incentives with Policy Objectives and Customer Benefits"

29 Daniel Shea, "Performance-Based Regulation : Harmonizing Electric Utility Priorities and State Policy" 2023

30 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Order No. 37507, Docket No. 2018-0088"

31 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Order No. 37387, Docket No. 2019-0085"

32 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Order No. 36388, Docket No. 2018-0088"

33 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Order No. 36326, Docket No. 2018-0088"

34 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Order No. 35542, Docket No. 2018-0088"

35 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Order No. 35411, Docket No. 2018-0088"

36 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Order No. 15285, Docket No. 96-0493"

37 Zinaman, Owen, "Next-Generation Performance-Based Regulation: Emphasizing Utility Performance to Unleash Power Sector Innovation" National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2017

38 Hawaii State Energy Office, "Hawai‘i’s Energy Facts & Figures"

39 Hawaii Public Utilites Commission, "Hawaii PUC Approves Portfolio of Performance Mechanisms for Hawaiian Electric"

40 Hawaiian Electric Company, "HEI REPORTS 2023 RESULTS" 2024

41 Gann, David M., "Do regulations encourage innovation? : the case of energy efficiency in housing" 26 (26): 1998

42 권필석 ; 김성진, "2030년 한국 온실가스 감축목표 달성을 위한 전력 부문 시나리오 분석" 한국환경정책학회 25 (25): 2017