도시환경요소와 우울증과의 상호관계에 관한 연구 - COVID-19 시대의 도시계획전략을 중심으로 - = A Study on the Relationship between Urban Environmental Elements and Depression - Focused on Urban Planning Strategy in the COVID-19 Era -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to suggest urban planning strategy for the deterioration of mental health, such as depression caused by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Considering the fact that the living environment has been changed in the current Covid-19 Pendemic, the relationship between depression and urban environmental factors are examined using data from the early 2010s when mental illness such as depression became serious issue. In summary, first, it is found that the prevalence of depression increases for people who feel stressed or those who are too active in physical activity. The incidence of depression is high in married, unemployed, obese, and older people. Second, the correlation between urban environmental factors and depression is quite high under the condition that variables on individual levels are controlled. Green areas and cultural and sports facilities can help prevent depression. Cities that have lack of parks and are surrounded by skyscrapers due to reckless development could have a significant negative impact on prevention of depression. With these findings, the study proposes the direction of urban planning for the prevention of mental illness, such as Corona Blue, during the ear of COVID-19. It is believed that low-carbon oriented urban planning and securing green space could be major urban planning strategies to cope with the era of COVID-19.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이종만, "코로나19 원격 교육에서 외로움과 유튜브 과다사용이 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향에 대한 탐색적 연구" 한국콘텐츠학회 20 (20): 342-351, 2020

2 정초시, "코로나19 넥스트 노멀시대, 그리고충북의 대응방향" 40 : 50-53, 2020

3 네이버, "코로나 블루"

4 이경환, "커뮤니티의 물리적 환경이 지역 주민의 보행 시간에 미치는 영향 - 서울시 40개 행정동을 대상으로" 대한국토·도시계획학회 42 (42): 105-118, 2007

5 정재훈, "주거환경이 도시와 농촌 노인의 생활만족도 및 우울에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 한국실내디자인학회 21 (21): 121-128, 2012

6 성현곤, "주거지 근린환경이 개인의 건강에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구- 대중교통 중심 개발(TOD)의 계획요소를 중심으로 -" 대한국토·도시계획학회 46 (46): 235-251, 2011

7 성현곤, "주거지 근린환경과 개인의 보행활동의 연관성 재검증: 서울시 149개 행정동을 대상으로" 대한국토·도시계획학회 49 (49): 81-94, 2014

8 서울대학교병원, "우울장애"

9 김은정, "도시환경과 개인특성이 지역주민의 건강수준에 미치는 영향" 한국지역학회 27 (27): 27-42, 2011

10 서울특별시, "대기환경정보"

11 이수기, "건강한 커뮤니티 조성을 위한 도시계획·공중보건 통합연구의 경향과 한계점 분석" 서울연구원 11 (11): 15-33, 2010

12 국립국어원, "건강"

13 Wight, R. G., "Urban neighborhood context and change in depressive symptoms in late life" 64B (64B): 247-251, 2009

14 Stokols, D., "Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion" 10 (10): 282-298, 1996

15 Bandura, A., "The self system in reciprocal determinism" 33 (33): 344-358, 1978

16 Giles-Corti, B., "The relative influence of individual, social and physical environment determinants of physical activity" 54 (54): 1793-1812, 2002

17 Jackson, G. L., "The patient-centered medical home" 158 (158): 169-178, 2013

18 Gary, W. E., "The built environment and mental health" 80 (80): 536-555, 2003

19 Evans, G. W., "The built environment and mental health" 80 (80): 536-555, 2003

20 Cho, M. J., "The Epidemiological Survey of Psychiatric Illnesses in Korea" Ministry of Health and Welfare 1-14, 2006

21 Cho, M. J., "The Epidemiological Survey of Mental Disorders in Korea" Seoul National University College of Medicine 1-32, 2011

22 Anaka, N., "Social prescribing service gears up against COVID-19 related anxieties and loneliness"

23 Jaco, E. G., "Social factors in mental disorders in Texas" 4 (4): 322-328, 1957

24 Clements, F. E., "Research Methods in Ecology" University Publishing Company 1905

25 An, S., "Relationship between the built environment in the community and individual health in Incheon, Korea" 13 (13): 171-178, 2014

26 Battle, J., "Relationship between selfesteem and depression" 42 (42): 745-746, 1978

27 Berke, E. M., "Protective association between neighborhood walkability and depression in older men" 55 (55): 526-533, 2007

28 Pervin, L. A., "Person-environment congruence in the light of the person-situation controversy" 31 (31): 222-230, 1987

29 Seligman, M. E. P., "On Depression, Development and Death" Freenman 1975

30 Steptoe, A., "Neighborhood problems as sources of chronic stress:Development of a measure of neighborhood problems, and associations with socioeconomic status and health" 23 (23): 177-185, 2001

31 Kubzansky, L. D., "Neighborhood contextual influences on depressive symptoms in the elderly" 162 (162): 253-260, 2005

32 Schroeder, C. W., "Mental disorders in cities" 48 (48): 40-47, 1942

33 Hillemeier, M. M., "Measuring contextual characteristics for community health" 38 (38): 1645-1718, 2003

34 Kelly-Schwartz, A. C., "Is sprawl unhealthy?: A multilevel analysis of the relationship of metropolitan sprawl to the health of individuals" 24 (24): 184-196, 2004

35 McCormack, G. R., "In search of causality: a systematic review of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity among adults" 8 : 125-, 2011

36 Hawley, A. H., "Human Ecology" New York State College of Human Ecology 1950

37 Fox, D. M., "Health and the built environment" 80 (80): 534-535, 2003

38 Kobasa, S. C., "Hardiness and health: A prospective study" 42 (42): 168-177, 1982

39 Wicker, A. W., "Handbook of Environmental Psychology" Wiley & Sons 613-653, 1987

40 Ewing, R., "Growing Ccooler: The evidence on urban development and climate change" Urban Land Institute 2008

41 Giles-Corti, B., "Environ- mental and lifestyle factors associated with overweight and obesity in Perth, Australia" 18 (18): 93-102, 2003

42 Luke, D. A., "Ecological Research to Promote Social Change" Springer 217-238, 2002

43 Barker, R. G., "Ecological Psychology" Stanford University Press 1968

44 American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR" American Psychiatric Association 2000

45 Pikora, T., "Developing a framework for assessment of the environmental determinants of walking and cycling" 56 (56): 1693-1703, 2003

46 Chiu, H. C., "Depressive symptoms, chronic medical conditions and functional status : A comparison of urban and rural elders in Taiwan" 20 (20): 635-644, 2005

47 St John, P. D., "Depressive symptoms among older adults in urban and rural areas" 21 (21): 1175-1180, 2006

48 Muramatsu, N., "County‐level income inequality and depression among older Americans" 38 (38): 1863-1884, 2003

49 World Health Organization, "Constitution of the World Organization" WHO 1946

50 Okwumabua, J. O., "Characteristics of depressive symptoms in elderly urban and rural African Americans" 52 (52): M241-M246, 1997

51 남은우, "COVID-19와 관련된 사회적 고립과 외로움 극복을 위한 사회적 처방 제도" 한국보건교육건강증진학회 37 (37): 113-116, 2020

52 Sallis, J. F., "Assessing perceived physical environmental variables that may influence physical activity" 68 (68): 345-351, 1997

53 김영, "AHP기법을 이용한 건강결정요소 및 건강도시사업 가중치분석" 한국도시행정학회 22 (22): 365-387, 2009

54 보건복지부, "2016년도 정신질환실태 조사"