농약의 안전보건정보표시 문자 및 그림문자의 가독성(可讀性) 평가 = Legibility evaluation of texts and icons for the safety and health information used in pesticides

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서 농약의 문자를 설계할 때 고령자의 가독성과 불편도 모두 고려하여 7 ~ 14.1 pt로 설계하여야 한다고 판단된다. 전혀 읽을 수 없는 불편함을 가진 불편도 1과 정답률 0% 가독 글자크기를 고려할 때 7 pt 이상으로 설계하여야 한다. 읽는데 전혀 불편함이 없는 불편도 4와 정답률 100% 가독 글자크기를 고려할 때 약 14.1 pt로 설계하여야 한다. 14.1 pt의 글자 크기로 설계한다면 거의 모든 고령자가 글자를 판독할 수 있을 것이라고 판단된다.
그림문자는 판독이 어려운 “분말상태 농약 요리금지” 그림문자와 “고독성 농약 중 액체농약” 그림문자를 판독이 쉬운 그림문자로 변경하여야 할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. “고독성 농약” 그림문자의 경우, 빠른 시간 내에 판독이 가능하나 “보통독성” 그림문자의 경우, 그림 문자가 지시하는 의미와 그림 문자의 의미가 다르므로 사용자에게 혼란을 야기할 가능성이 있으므로, “보통독성” 그림문자 역시 변경하여야 할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.
본 연구는 농약의 안전보건정보를 표시하는 문자와 그림문자 가독성을 평가하였다. 가독성에 영향을 주는 요인은 글자체, 글자 굵기, 음절수뿐만 아니라 조도, 줄간격, 획폭비 등 여러 가지 요인들이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 글자체, 글자 굵기, 음절수만 고려하여 실험을 수행하였으나, 추후 더 많은 실험 조건에서 연구가 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Pesticides can improve the quality of agricultural crops, and increase the crop production. But, pesticides have high toxicity, and can harm people, animals, and environments. Thus, much attention should be paid to the use and handling of pesticides. Safety and health related information for the proper use and handling of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products (bottle type or bag type) in the form of texts or icons. Thus, the good legibility and understanding of the texts and icons are very important for the proper use and handling of the pesticides. Currently, the issue of the good legibility and understanding of the texts and icons on the pesticides has become more important because of the rapid increase in the old workers in the rural area in Korea. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts and icons for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text and icon sizes based on the legibility experiments.
Total twenty subjects from two age groups (young: n=10, old: n=10, five males and five females in each group) participated in the experiment. First, subjects read the text cards presented in the distance of 50cm from the eyes of the subjects. Eight different text card sets were prepared for different font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables (2 and 3 syllables). On each card, four words were printed and the text sizes were varied from 2 pt to 40 pt. The presentation order of the eight text card sets were selected randomly. A test card of 2 pt was presented first, and then presented in the ascending order. When subjects read the cards, the correctness of reading (correct or wrong) was recorded and the degree of discomfort (from 1: no discomfort at all to 4: can't read at all) was also evaluated for all the text sizes. After finishing the text card experiment, about ten minute rest was provided. Subsequently, the icon card experiment were conducted. Fourteen icons being used in the pesticide products in Korea were used in the experiment. In each icon card, one icon was printed and the icon size varied from 2 mm to 20 mm. When subjects read the cards presented in the ascending order, correctness of the answer were recorded. The presentation order of the fourteen icons was selected randomly.
Results showed that the character size should be 4 pt or larger for the young subjects to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions. For the old subjects to read at least one word correctly, the character size should be five pt or larder. The average of the minimum character sizes for 100% correct answer is 6.1 pt for young subjects and 10.5 pt for old subjects, respectively. The average of the maximum character sizes for 0% correct answer 3.4 pt (young) and 7.0 pt (old), respectively. From the analysis of variance conducted on the minimum character sizes for 100% correct answer, it was found that the main effects except the age ( gender, syllable number, font type, and bold type) were not statistically significant (p>0.05) and also all the two-way and three-way interaction effects showed no statistical significance (p>0.05). However, age (p=0.002) and syllable number (p=0.002) showed statistically significant main effects on the maximum character sizes for 0% correct answer. Also, the two way interaction effect of the gender*font type (p=0.037) and the three way interaction effect of the age*gender*bold type (p=0.037) showed statistically significant effects on the maximum character sizes for 0% correct answer. From the icon cards test, it was found that the icon which showed the smallest icon size for correct answer of meaning is "don't cook powder pesticide" icon and the average icon size for correct answer of meaning was 9.7 mm. These results can be used in the determination of the proper character size or icon size guidelines.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구 배경 1
• 2. 연구 필요성 4
• 3. 연구목적 5
• Ⅱ. 연구 방법 6
• 1. 피실험자 6
• 2. 실험 계획 7
• 3. 실험 방법 8
• 4. 자료 분석 10
• Ⅲ. 연구 결과 11
• 1. 농약 문자 가독성 실험 결과 11
• 1) 실험조건별 글자크기에 대한 정답수 11
• 2) 정답률 100% 가독 글자크기 분석 17
• 3) 정답률 0% 가독 글자크기 분석 19
• 4) 실험 조건별 글자크기에 대한 불편도 23
• 5) 불편도 4(전혀 읽을 수 없음) 최소 가독 글자크기 분석 30
• 6) 불편도 1(읽는데 전혀 불편함이 없음) 최소 가독 글자크기 분석 33
• 7) 독립변수에 관한 종합 정리 36
• 2. 농약 그림 문자 가독성 실험 결과 37
• 1) 농약 그림문자 의미정답 분석 37
• 2) 농약 그림문자 세부정답 분석 37
• Ⅳ. 고찰 40
• Ⅴ. 결론 44
• 참고문헌 45