This study was conducted by two studies: a first year study and a second year study. The purpose of the first year study was to build specific and empirical data for the situation of female sports leaders, gender discrimination, leadership capacity, a...
This study was conducted by two studies: a first year study and a second year study. The purpose of the first year study was to build specific and empirical data for the situation of female sports leaders, gender discrimination, leadership capacity, and organizational culture. For the second year study, we developed a leadership training program based on the results of the first-year study in order to help female sports leaders to succeed as professional sport leaders.
The purpose of the Phase I.1 study in the first year was to examine the situation of female sports leaders to figure out their status and roles and ways to vitalize them. The total coaches who register in the Korean Olympic Committee are 12,782. Among them, male coaches are 10,891(85%) whereas female coaches are 1754(16%). According to the result, the younger the coaches are, the more female coaches are. Phase 1.2 study was an investigation of psychological characteristics and gender cognition of female sports leaders. The purpose of this study was to examine female sports leaders' psychological characteristics, leadership, organization and profession. Female sports leaders were compared with male sports leaders. The subjects were 241 male and 199 female sports leaders who registered in KOC in 2010. According to the results, there were gender and career differences. Leaders with high career and male sports leaders had higher scores on all the factors than those with low career and female sports leaders. In order to eliminate gender discriminational factors in sports organizations, we should understand male-dominated sports organization and conduct a more in-depth study to give equal opportunity to men and women.
1-2-2. Regarding the gender cognition study on female sports leaders, we conducted a general questionnaire and a in-depth questionanire on gender discriminated factors, networking, discrimitive factors for female sports leaders, reasons for stopping career, subjecting to 19 entry-level coaches and elite coaches.
About the experience on discrimination, for choosing a head coach or a director at a major competition, male coaches are preferred and they put male coaches in priority. So female leaders are well recognized of the necessity of a group or an organization that represents the voice of female sports leaders. And the organization for female sports leaders should work for their welfare, volunteer works, study, education, and fostering female professionals, sharing information, and providing job opportunities.
The Phase 2-1 study in the second year is to develop a program for training leadership for female sports leaders. We conducted a Focus Group Interview (FGI) on 14 female sports leaders to see what leadership factors are needed in the field and what are needed in the program. After analyzing it, they want the scientific approach to coaching ability, foreign language ability to gain various information, professional training on psychology, and counseling. In this study, we developed a leadership training program for entry-level female coaches with 5 courses, such as educational program, personal training, career-related program, coaching program, psychological training with physical moves. The 5 courses ran by each professional of their speciality. The Phase 2-2 is about leadership training for entry-level female sports leaders. The subject of this phase is entry-level female sports leaders with less than 5 years of profession and we expect that this training will help them raising their pride and career capability. To make it more efficient, the training was a 2-night-and-3-day's course. The leadership training program has the total of 11 courses that were developed in the Phase 2.1 Study, plus walking meditation. meditation with a log, and discussion. After this program, female leaders raised their self-confidence and passion for career, as positiveness grew and negativeness decreased. Also they are satisfied with the program.