무법으로 태어나 준법을 거쳐 위법으로 성장하는 이유? = Why do children loose their compliance with the law as they grow?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present research integrated various theoretical perspectives of human unlawful behaviors in order to clarify the psychological mechanisms that underly the changes in compliance with and attitude toward law as time goes. Most well-known theories such as classical theory of crime, biosocial and evoluationary theories, and psychological perspectives including psycho-dynamic theory, personality, intellectual/moral development theories, and decision-making were discussed in their unique points in explaining human unlawful behaviors. Finally, social-learning theory and cognitive-dissonance theory has been suggested to explain the psychological mechanism of the phenomena in which people's attitude toward law and compliance with law become weaken through violation experiences of trivial lawful regulations. Especially, the logic of cognitive-dissonance theory (that people committed violation of trivial laws should experience dissonance with their original belief of compliance with law and negative arousal and try to remove the arousal by change their belief along with their behavior) were theoretically convincing to explain the phenomenon and supported by a series of experimental studies. Several practical implications for future constitutional and political activities were discussed in the basis of the cognitive dissonance theory.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 현재 우리사회에서 문제가 대두되고 있는 준법의식의 약화에 대한 설명과 관련될 수 있는 다양한 관점의 심리학적 이론들 비교분석하고, 특히 준법의식 약화에서 인지부조화 기제의 역할에 대한 이론적 실증적 연구들을 개관요약하였다. 이를 위해 범죄의 현상과 원인을 설명하는 고전이론, 유전학과 생물학적 이론과 정신분석학, 성격이론, 지능/도덕성 발달, 의사결정이론 과 같은 심리학적 이론들의 특성과 준법과 위법행동의 다양한 측면을 통합적으로 비교하였다. 이런 이론들이 현재의 범죄행동에 대한 설명을 제공하는데 초점을 맞춘다면, 사회학습이론과 인지부조화 이론은 직간접의 경험을 통한 준법의식의 변화에 대한 설명을 제공해 주고 있다. 특히 과거의 위법행동이 준법의식과 인지부조화와 부정적 각성을 일으키고, 이 각성을 없애기 위한 준법의식의 변화시킨다는 인지부조화적 관점은 사소한 법규위반이 낮아지는 준법의식의 부분적 원인이라는 것이 일련의 연구들을 통해 검증 되었다. 이런 인지부조화의 이론적 틀이 법률입안과 정책제안에 제안하는 시사점들을 논의하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한국 교통문화 선진국 수준에 여전히 미달" 20042004년4월8일자

2 박광배, "자발적인 준법행위의 촉발요인" 4 (4): 95-136, 1998

3 중앙일보, "우리나라 교통안전 수준 53점" 2003

4 허태균, "법규위반행동의 부정적 영향과 심리적 기제" 221-241, 2004

5 허태균, "법규위반행동으로 인한 인지부조화의 부정적 영향" 2005

6 박광배, "범법의 원인과 준법의 이유 사회 및 성격" 1-21, 1996

7 허태균, "바늘도둑이 소도둑 된다 준법의시의 약화에서 인지부조화의 역할" 2005

8 노관섭, "도로 교통사고의 근본처방" 4-6, 2002

9 "교통질서 및 안전에 관한 운전자의 의식조사" 도로교통안전관리공단 1993

10 조선일보, "교통사고 사상자 전주 인구에 육박" 2000

11 명묘희, "교통단속 강화가 교통사고에 미치는 영향" 38 (38): 109-117, 2003

12 Hare, "Violent and aggressive behavior by criminal psychopsths International Journal of Law and Psychiatry" 35-50, 1984

13 Phillips, "Toward a theory of imitation and suggestion" 1001-1024, 1980

14 Aronson, "Theories of Cognitive Consistency" 5-27, 1968

15 Goethals, "The role of intention and postbehavioral consequences in the arousal of cognitive dissonance Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 293-301, 1972

16 Raine,A, "The psychopathology of crime:Criminal behavior as a clinical disorder" Academic Press 1993

17 Darwin,C.R, "The origin of species" John Murray 1859

18 Fuller, "The modification of individual road user behavior Proceedings of the International Road Safety Symposium" 1991

19 Allen, "Scope and methodology of twin studies" 79-85, 19760

20 Rothengarter,T, "Risk and the absence of pleasure:a motivational approach to modeling road user behaviors" 31 : 599-607, 1988

21 Quay,H.C, "Psychopathis personality as pathological stimulation-seeking" 122 : 180-183, 1965

22 Kelman,H.C, "Processes of opinion change" 25 : 57-78, 1961

23 Cooper, "Prechoice awareness of relative deprivation as a determinant of cognitive dissonance Journal of Experimental Social Psychology" 571-581, 1971

24 Collins, "Personal responsibility for consequences An intergration and extension of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology" 558-593, 1972

25 Stack,S, "Media coverage as a risk factor in suicide" 57 : 238-240, 2003

26 A theory-contruction approach, "Introduction to Personality and Psychotherapy" Houghton Mufflin Company 1981

27 Cialdini,R, "Influence:Science and Practic" Allyn and Bacon 2001

28 & Eisenstadt, "Generalization of dissonance reduction decreasing prejudice through induced compliance Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 395-413, 1994

29 "Gender and age-related differences in attitudes toward traffic laws and traffic violations" 123-135, 1998

30 Baron,R, "Exposure to an aggressive model and apparent probability of retaliation as determinants of adult aggression behavior" 7 : 343-355, 1971

31 San Francisco, "Essays on moral development The psychology of moral development" 1984

32 Hare,R.D, "Diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in two prison population" 140 : 887-890, 1983

33 Parker, "Determinants of intention to commit driving violations" 117-134, 1990

34 Makkai,T.,, "Criminological theories and regulatory compliance" 29 : 191-217, 1991

35 Festinger,L.,, "Cognitive consequences of forced compliance" 58 : 203-210, 1959

36 "Choice and source attractiveness in exposure to discrepant messages Journal of Experimental Social Psychology" 516-527, 1974

37 Davis, "Changes in interpersonal perception as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology" 402-410, 1960

38 Row, "A theory of cognitive dissonance" 1957

39 Christiansen, "A review of criminality among twins Biosocial Bases of Criminal Behavior" Gardner Press 1977

40 Buss, "A new paradigm for psychological science" tionary psychology : 1-30, 1995

41 Cooper, "A new look at dissonance theory Advances in experimental social psychology" Academic Press 1984

42 & Hirschi, "A general theory of Crime" Stanford University Press 1990