1970년대 원주그룹의 부락개발운동 연구 : 새마을운동과의 비교를 중심으로 = A Comparative Study on the Wonju Group`s Village Development Movement and the Saemaeul Movement in the 1970s

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the 1970s, the Wonju Group conducted a Village Development Movement in 80 to 90 agricultural villages in three provinces by helping those communities establish and operate farming groups, village councils, credit unions, and consumers` unions as part of the Namhan River Project. The Institute of Agricultural Issues played an important role in the movement by providing a theoretical framework for the project. The Korean Agricultural Research Association and the Institute of Agricultural Issues had its theoretical basis in the theory of cooperative agriculture and the experience of conducting village development projects in the 1950s and 1960s and joining cooperative farms in the 1960 and 1970s. These experiences and the theoretical basis enabled the Wonju Group to propel the village development project through the cooperative movement and to produce a good example of an advanced theory of cooperative agriculture. The government-led Saemaeul Movement and the Village Development Movement in the 1970s were considerably similar to each other. They both helped rural villages increase earnings through cooperative activities, to train community leaders, and to raise community funds. However, two factors helped differentiate the Village Development Movement from the Saemaeul Movement. The first was the fact that the Wonju Group provided ed ucation programs for local farmers to enable them to lead the Village Development Movement. Second, the credit unions in those villages actively tried to form a farmers` organization and establish the Catholic Farmer`s Society to help farmers to achieve cooperation and democratization in their communities . The farmers who played an important role in the Saemaeul Movement were actually collaborators of the government and they sabotaged the Wonju Group`s general activities and suppressed the farmers` movement in the rural areas. The Village Development Movement of the Wonju Group and the community leaders of the 80 to 90 agricultural villages in the three provinces is a good example of a civil-led development project for agricultural communities. It has historical significance because it could suggest a completely different model of an agricultural development project, which would be distinctive from the government-led Saemaeul Movement. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of village development programs in the 1970s.

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