Antiobesity Effect of Garlic Extract Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum BL2 in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Obesity is viewed as a serious public health problem. This study aimed to investigate the antiobesity effects of fermented garlic extract by lactic acid bacteria (LAFGE) on obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. TheHFD-induced obesemicewere orally administrated with 250 or 500mg/kg LAFGE for 8 weeks. Feeding HFD-fed mice with 250 or 500mg/kg LAFGE reduced body weight by 14% and 18%, respectively, compared to HFD. HFD-fed mice with 500mg/kg LAFGE administration had lower epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric adipose tissue mass by 36%, 44%, and 63%, respectively, compared to HFD.The concentration of plasma triacylglyceride and total cholesterolwas significantly lower in theHFD-fed mice withLAFGE administration.Moreover,LAFGEsupplementation suppressed adipogenesis by downregulation in mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and lipogenic proteins, including SREBP-1c, FAS, and SCD-1. Based on these findings, LAFGE may ameliorate diet-induced obesity by inhibiting adipose tissue hypertrophy by suppressing adipogenesis.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정은봉, "유산균발효마늘의 유기황화합물과 CYP2E1-Transfected HepG2 Cell에서 알코올 유발 세포독성에 미치는 영향" 한국식품영양과학회 42 (42): 342-347, 2013

2 Guo L, "Transcriptional regulation of adipocyte differentiation: A central role for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) beta" 290 : 755-761, 2015

3 Kim EJ, "Thiacremonone, a sulfur compound isolated from garlic, attenuates lipid accumulation partially mediated via AMPK activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" 23 : 1552-1558, 2012

4 Colin-Gonzalez AL, "The antioxidant mechanisms underlying the aged garlic extract- and S-allylcysteine-induced protection" 2012 : 907162-, 2012

5 Flier JS, "The adipocyte: Storage depot or node on the energy information superhighway?" 80 : 15-18, 1995

6 Senthilkumar GP, "Study the effect of S-methyl L-cysteine on lipid metabolism in an experimental model of diet induced obesity" 7 : 2449-2451, 2013

7 Mistry SK, "Risk factors of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence in South Asian countries: A systematic review of the evidence" 129 : 200-209, 2015

8 Semenkovich CF, "Regulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS)" 36 : 43-53, 1997

9 Higashikawa F, "Reduction of serum lipids by the intake of the extract of garlic fermented with Monascus pilosus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial" 31 : 261-266, 2012

10 Traustadottir GA, "Preadipocytes proliferate and differentiate under the guidance of Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1)" 2 : 272-275, 2013

11 Kim HK, "Physiological activity and antioxidative effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract" 11 : 500-506, 2002

12 Evans RM, "PPARs and the complex journey to obesity" 10 : 355-361, 2004

13 Lefterova MI, "PPARgamma and C/EBP factors orchestrate adipocyte biology via adjacent binding on a genome-wide scale" 22 : 2941-2952, 2008

14 Lefterova MI, "New developments in adipogenesis" 20 : 107-114, 2009

15 Chen YC, "Methanolic extract of black garlic ameliorates diet-induced obesity via regulating adipogenesis, adipokine biosynthesis, and lipolysis" 9 : 98-108, 2014

16 Sumioka I, "Lipid-lowering effect of monascus garlic fermented extract (MGFE)in hyperlipidemic subjects" 55 : 59-64, 2006

17 Raghunandana RR, "Investigations on plant antibiotics ; studies on allicin, the antibacterial principle of Allium sativum (garlic)" 5 : 31-35, 1946

18 Ting WJ, "Heat killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 reduces fibrosis effects on the liver and heart in high fat diet-hamsters via TGF-beta suppression" 16 : 25881-25896, 2015

19 Yu Sun Kim, "Garlic Fermentation by Lactic Acid Bacteria" 한국식품과학회 18 (18): 1279-1283, 2009

20 Keiss HP, "Garlic (Allium sativum L.) modulates cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharideactivated human blood thereby inhibiting NF-jB activity" 133 : 2171-2175, 2003

21 Tontonoz P, "Fat and beyond: The diverse biology of PPARgamma" 77 : 289-312, 2008

22 Lin CC, "Effects of cysteine-containing compounds on biosynthesis of triacylglycerol and cholesterol and anti-oxidative protection in liver from mice consuming a high-fat diet" 99 : 37-43, 2008

23 Yonejima Y, "Effect of lactic acid bacteria on lipid metabolism and fat synthesis in mice fed a high-fat diet" 32 : 51-58, 2013

24 Lin CC, "Effect of five cysteinecontaining compounds on three lipogenic enzymes in Balb/cA mice consuming a high saturated fat diet" 39 : 843-848, 2004

25 Wu CC, "Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21 on high-fat diet-fed obese mice" 2015 : 391767-, 2015

26 Song M, "Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 on plasma cholesterol levels in diet-induced obese mice" 98 : 1492-1501, 2015

27 Lii CK, "Diallyl trisulfide suppresses the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ERK activation" 50 : 478-484, 2012

28 Wang D, "Black garlic (Allium sativum) extracts enhance the immune system" 4 : 37-40, 2010

29 Imai J, "Antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of aged garlic extract and its constituents" 60 : 417-420, 1994

30 Eidi A, "Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats" 13 : 624-629, 2006

31 Tsubura A, "Anticancer effects of garlic and garlic-derived compounds for breast cancer control" 11 : 249-253, 2011

32 Miyoshi M, "Anti-obesity effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 accompanied by inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice" 53 : 599-606, 2014

33 Ambati S, "Ajoene exerts potent effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing apoptosis" 23 : 513-518, 2009

34 Steiner M, "Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors: A dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions" 131 : 980s-984s, 2001

35 KeophiphathM, "1,2-Vinyldithiin from garlic inhibits differentiation and inflammation of human preadipocytes" 139 : 2055-2060, 2009