Teaching children science

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xvii
• Acknowledgments = xviii
• How This Book Is Organized = xix
• part 1 PLANNING FOR LEARNING
• chapter 1 What Is Science? = 3
• You, Children, and Science : Some Fears, Some Hopes, Some Dreams = 5
• What Is Science? = 6
• The Scientist : Who Is She? = 13
• Going Further = 14
• Teacher Talk : Spring boards for Discussion = 15
• Summary = 16
• Suggested Readings = 16
• chapter 2 Why Teach Science? = 17
• Specific Goals of Science Education = 19
• General Goals of Science Education = 23
• Going Further = 28
• Teacher Talk : Springboards for Discussion = 29
• Summary = 29
• Suggested Readings = 30
• chapter 3 How Do Children Learn Science? = 31
• "I Led the Pigeons to the Flag" = 32
• Children, Learning, and Science = 33
• The Cognitive View of Learning / David Ausbel ; Jerome Bruner ; Robert Gagn$$\aute e$$ ; Jean Piaget = 34
• The Behavioral View of Learning : B. F. Skinner = 44
• Going Further = 46
• Teacher Talk : Springboards for Discussion = 47
• Summary = 48
• Suggested Readings = 48
• chapter 4 How to Plan Learning Units, Daily Lessons, and Assessment Strategies = 49
• The Water Rat and the Sea Horse = 50
• The Scope of the Science Curriculum = 52
• The Sequence of the Science Curriculum = 52
• Unit Planning = 53
• Lesson Planning = 57
• Assessment = 68
• Going Further = 72
• Teacher Talk : Springboards for Discussion = 73
• Summary = 73
• Suggested Readings = 74
• chapter 5 Discovery Learning : Inquiry, Curriculum Models, and Classroom Organization／Management = 75
• Inquiry-Teaching Techniques = 77
• Using Textbooks to Encourage Discovery Learning = 80
• Discovery-Based Curriculum Models : An Important Resource For You = 82
• Classroom Organization and Management for Discovery Learning = 84
• Going Further = 87
• Teacher Talk : Spring boards for Discussion = 88
• Summary = 88
• Suggested Readings = 89
• chapter 6 How Can I Help Handicapped and Gifted Children Get the Most out of Science? = 90
• Responding to the Science Needs of Handicapped Children = 92
• Teaching Gifted Children = 98
• Going Further = 103
• Teacher Talk : Spring boards for Discussion = 104
• Summary = 104
• Suggested Readings = 105
• part 2 THE EARTH AND THE COSMOS : METHODS, CONTENT, DISCOVERY ACTIVITIES, AND DEMONSTRATIONS
• chapter 7 How to Plan and Teach Earth ／ Space-Science Learning Units = 109
• The Day the Dinosaur Came to School = 110
• Basic Concepts for Earth ／ Space-Science Units = 111
• Process Skills for Earth ／ Space-Science Units = 112
• A Sample Learning Center in Detail = 113
• A Sample Bulletin Board in Detail = 121
• Additional Ideas for Bulletin Boards = 123
• Sample Field Trips = 124
• Additional Ideas for Field Trips = 126
• chapter 8A the Earth's Surface, Atmosphere, and Weather : Content = 128
• The Earth's Surface = 129
• The Earth's Atmosphere and Weather = 141
• Summary Outline = 150
• chapter 8B The Earth's Surface, Atmosphere, and Weather : Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 151
• Discovery Activities = 152
• Additional Activity Ideas = 160
• Demonstrations = 162
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 166
• chapter 9A The Cosmos : Content = 168
• How Was the Universe Formed? = 169
• What Is the Universe? = 170
• Constellations = 170
• Our Sun, A Star = 171
• Our Solar System = 171
• Quesars, Pulsars, and Black Holes = 177
• Exploring Space = 179
• The Space Shuttle = 180
• Summary Outline = 183
• chapter 9B The Cosmos : Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 185
• Discovery Activities = 186
• Additional Activity Ideas = 194
• Demonstrations = 196
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 199
• part 3 THE LIFE SCIENCES : METHODS, CONTENT, DISCOVERY ACTIVITIES, AND DEMONSTRATIONS
• chapter 10 How to Plan and Teach Life-Science Learning Units = 203
• The Tapper = 204
• Basic Concepts for Life-Science Units = 205
• Process Skills for Life-Science Units = 206
• A Sample Learning Center = 207
• A Sample Bulletin Board = 215
• A Sample Field Trip = 217
• Additional Ideas for Field Trips = 218
• chapter 11A Plants and Animals : Content = 220
• The Functions of Life = 221
• The Science of Biology = 222
• Classifying Living Things = 222
• Similarities between Plants and Animals = 226
• Differences between Plants and Animals = 227
• The Plant Kingdom = 227
• The Protist Kingdom = 232
• The Animal Kingdom = 233
• Summary Outline = 236
• chapter 11B Plants and Animals : Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 238
• Discovery Activities = 239
• Additional Activity Ideas = 247
• Demonstrations = 250
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 253
• chapter 12A The Human Body : Content = 256
• The Digestive System = 258
• The Skeletal-Muscular System = 262
• The Respiratory System = 263
• The Nervous System = 265
• The Excretory System = 267
• The Circulatory System = 268
• The Reproductive System = 270
• Summary Outline = 273
• chapter 12B The Human Body : Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 274
• Discovery Activities = 275
• Additional Activity Ideas = 283
• Demonstrations = 285
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 288
• part 4 THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES : METHODS, CONTENT, DISCOVERY ACTIVITIES, AND DEMONSTRATIONS
• chapter 13 How to Plan and Teach Physical-Science Learning Units = 293
• The Letter = 294
• Basic Concepts for Physical-Science Units = 295
• Process Skills for Physical-Science Units = 296
• A Sample Learning Center in Detail = 298
• A Sample Bulletin Board in Detail = 303
• Sample Field Trips = 305
• Additional Ideas for Field Trips = 307
• chapter 14A Matter and Motion : Content = 310
• Matter = 312
• Motion = 321
• Summary Outline = 324
• chapter 14B Matter and Motion : Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 326
• Discovery Activities = 327
• Additional Activity Ideas = 334
• Demonstrations = 335
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 340
• chapter 15A Energies and Machines : Content = 342
• How Energy Is Transferred = 343
• Electrical Energy = 345
• Sound Energy = 350
• Light Energy = 351
• Heat Energy = 353
• Machines = 354
• Summary Outline = 357
• chapter 15B Energies and Machines : Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 358
• Discovery Activities = 359
• Additional Activity Ideas = 369
• Demonstrations = 370
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 375
• part 5 THE SUPER SAVERS : SPECIAL EARTH-SAVING ACTIVITIES FOR TODAY'S CHILDREN - THE ADULTS OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
• chapter 16 The Natural Resources Crisis : Saving the Water, the Soil, and the Air We Breathe - Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 379
• Discovery Activities = 380
• Additional Activity Ideas = 386
• Demonstration = 388
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 390
• chapter 17 The Ecology Crisis : Understanding and Preserving the Relationship between Ecosystems and the Environment - Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 393
• Discovery Activities = 394
• Additional Activity Ideas = 402
• Demonstrations = 403
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 407
• chapter 18 The Energy Crisis : Conserving the Energy We Have and Searching for Alternative Energy Sources - Discovery Activities and Demonstrations = 410
• Discovery Activities = 411
• Additional Activity Ideas = 418
• Demonstrations = 419
• Additional Demonstration Ideas = 426
• APPENDIXES
• appendix A Piagetian Task Activities = 431
• Sensorimotor Knowledge (0 to 2 Years) = 432
• Preoperational (Representational) Knowledge (2 to 7 Years) = 432
• Concrete Operations (7 to 11 Years) = 433
• Formal Operations (12 to 15 Years) = 435
• appendix B The Metric System = 436
• Everyday Metric Measurements = 437
• Approximate Sizes of Commonly Used Metric Units = 439
• Weight, Length, Volume, and Temperature in Metric Units = 440
• appendix C Suppliers of Science Materials and Equipment = 442
• appendix D Science-Education Books for Elementary-School Teachers = 444
• Index = 447