九山禪門 寺刹의 立地 硏究 : 風水的 측면을 중심으로 = A study on the location of Zen Buddhist temples from feng-shui perspective

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the chracteristics of the location of Zen Buddhist temples which are the Nine-Mountain Zen School from feng-shui perspective.
As the Truth-plot(place for teaching, learing or practicing) of Buddhist asceticism, Buddhist temple is the holy place where the Buddhists truth has been instructed, and where Buddhist monks have cultivated their religious discipline.
In ancient and medieval times, those Buddhist temples were not only places for monks to study instructions of Buddha, but also centers for adjusting social ideology. At that time Buddhist temples were taken to be as important as the palace where the royal family lived. Therefore the problems of where temples are built and how they are constructed were very important.
A large number of temples have been built for about 1600 years ever since Buddhism had influenced on Korea. They have been built nationwide in different times by differnet sects of Buddhism. The pattern of location of Buddhist temples is different according to its phase of times(political, economic, cultural aspect) and difference of tenent(difference in sects of Buddhism) when the temples were built.
But the general location of Korean Buddhist temples is in accordance with feng-shui theory. Feng-shui is a traditional geographic thought in China and Korea. It is necessary to understand the whole scale of feng-shui in order to understand Korean landscape and cultural geography. It had had a tremendous impact on Korean landscape through selective buildings of cities, settlements, houses, mounments, temples, pagodas, and so on.
Before feng-shui was prevailing in Korea, Buddhist temples were mostly built on sacred place which was connected with folk beliefs. In the case of the Silla Dynasty when Zen Buddhism was prevailing, feng-shui became popular and many temples were built in accordance with feng-shui. The typical examples are found in the location of Nine-Mountain Zen School. The interpretation of geomantic location of Nine-Mountain Zen School temples will show us how feng-shui was applied to and reflected in the Korean peninsula.
In Zen Buddhism, feng-shui was applied to the selection of the temple site. Also feng-shui theory was usually used to select the site of stupa(Budo) where the remains of the founder of sect. Among Nine-Mountain Zen School temples, 5 temples were ruined.
In this study, we will interpret the geomantic charateristies of Nine-Mountai
n Zen School temples.
The geomantic interpretations of the temples are as follow.
1. The temples are located at the foot of a hill with surrounding mountains and a watercourse in front. Feng-shui texts often describe it as an ideal site. This geomantic situation is well equipped with natural drainage; protection from cold wind from the north or evil spirits; a good view with open space to the front; protection from unnecessary weather damage; and security and protection from strangers and invaders.
2. The sitting and facing direction of the temples correspond to the oncoming dragon's direction.
3. Many feng-shui texts discuss the types of Sa(surrounding mountains) in detail and morphologically describe them with certain animate and inanimate auspicious objects. In case of Taean temple, the geomantic landscape of it can be compared to a phoenix returing to its nest. This is morphological marker for the description of configulation features of Taean temple.
4. Most auspicious places are not perfect, but the shortcomings can be overcome by many means. We can observe modification of landscape for the purpose of fulfilling the geomantic harmony of the temple.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• 1. 연구목적
• 2. 연구대상 사찰
• 3. 연구방법
• Ⅱ. 風水와 寺刹立地
• 1. 風水 盛行以前의 寺刹立地
• 2. 風水의 盛行과 寺刹立地
• 1) 禪宗의 擡頭와 風水
• 2) 風水와 九山禪門
• Ⅲ. 풍수이론 개요
• Ⅳ. 九山禪門 각 사찰의 立地
• (1) 泰安寺
• (2) 鳳巖寺
• (3) 寶相寺
• (4) 寶林寺
• (5) 興寧寺址
• (6) 굴산사지
• (7) 聖住寺址
• (8) 鳳林寺址
• Ⅴ. 結論