일본 사회의 집단괴롭힘에 대한 인식 진전과 접근 = The Recognition Progress and Approach to Bullying in Japanese Society

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

By 1980, the problem of bullying had spilled over to a huge social problem in Japan, and Japanese society started to actively react to the problem. An outstanding progress in recognition of bullying has realized, including defining bullying in the perspectives of the victim, and trying to survey the actual condition annually and utilize the results. There exist two major approaches to the problem of bullying in Japan. The first is concerning to the investigation of the cause and searching for the cure. The peculiarist approach and generalist approach are two ways of understanding the problem: the former regards bullying as a peculiar problem of Japanese society, while the latter focuses on the organizational structures and the related factors of the problem. The other major approach is to search for a solution of cure through the systematic method.Method of suspension of attendance, enactment of anti-bullying legislation,dispatching school counselors. To sum up, the problem of bullying should be dealt with through those collective efforts: teacher empowerment; reinforcing institutional apparatus; utilizing cooperative system involving students, parents,teachers, counselors, local residents and the administrative body; the reduction and resolution of societal structural factors; identification of the structure of bullying and the related factors; and the internal approach where the students are trained to foster inside them self-esteem and empathy for the others.

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