토마스 아퀴나스의 분노 개념

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Thomas Aquinas classifies passion as a sensitive appetite into the two contrasting divisions; concupiscible appetite and irascible appetite. The former consists of love and hate, desire and avoidance, pleasure and sorrow, while the latter consists of hope and despair, daring and fear, or anger. Among these, anger is composed of material and formal elements. The former comprises of physical chaos and symptoms, whereas the latter comprises of revenge against others who do injustice to oneself. Anger is caused by others’ contempt toward oneself, and it may be expressed as fury, rancor, resentment, etc. Anger leads not only to sorrow and several physical symptoms, but also to verbal and physical violence. Anger may be complicated by multiple passions like sorrow, joy, hope, etc.
Passion as a sensitive appetite is generated on the level of sense apprehension and estimation. For certain, the consequent passion becomes aroused by the decision of reason and will. On the contrary, the antecedent passion is generated by sense apprehension which consists of memory and imagination, etc. However, sense apprehension of human being is affected by cognitive power. Thus passion is affected by how cognitive power evaluates the given facts. Passion is related to reason politically, and both can correspond with and reinforce each other. Reason cannot regulate passion directly, but control it indirectly. The virtue of passion could be altered, if sense apprehension is affected by repeated activities of reason.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 장욱, "토마스 아퀴나스의 철학" 동과서 2003

2 김율, "정념에 대한 책임" 한국가톨릭철학회 (8) : 82-115, 2006

3 서병창, "인간의 감정과 도덕능력. in: 가톨릭철학" 2004

4 서병창, "이성화된 정념과 정념화된 이성 ― 토마스 아퀴나스의 이성과 정념의 관계 ―" 인간학연구소 (17) : 261-278, 2009

5 프랑수아 클로르, "내감정 사용법" 위즈덤하우스 2008

6 정대현, "감성의 철학" 민음사 1996

7 Miner, R., "Thomas Aquinas on the Passions: A Study of Summa Theologiae, 1a2ae 22-48" Baylor Univ. 2009

8 Roberts, Robert C., "Thomas Aquinas on the Morality of Emotions" 9 (9): 1992

9 Ronald de Sousa, "The Rationality of emotion" Cambridge MIT Press 1987

10 Rota, M., "The Moral status of anger: Thomas Aquinas and John Cassian" American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 2007

11 Aquinas, Thomas, "Summa theologiae" B.A.C. 1951

12 Elizabeth Uffenheimer-Lippens, "Rationalized passion and passionate rationality: Thomas Aquinas on the relation between reason and the passions" 2003

13 Aquinas, Thomas, "Quaestiones de veritate" Spiazzi 1965

14 Aquinas, Thomas, "Quaestiones de malo" Bazzi 1965

15 Hartz, Glenn A., "Desire and emotion in the virtue tradition" 7 : 1990

16 Cates, Diana F., "Aquinas on the Emotions: A Religious-Ethical Inquiry(Moral Traditions)" Georgetown Univ. Press 2009

17 Floyd, Shawn D., "Aquinas on Emotions: A Response to Some recent Interpretations" 15 (15): 1998