신국제 군사질서와 무기이전(Arms Transfers) = The New International Military Order and Arms Transfers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main purpose of this paper is to describe historical trends in arms transfers since World WarⅡ and to explain major causes and effects of this phenomenon within historical and global perspective.
The first section of the study consists of a statistical description of changing trends in postwar arms trade. It shows that, first of all, the quantity of arms transfers have been rapidly increased since the early 1960s along with substantial growth of the Third World's arms imports during the period. Second, in addition to the acceleration in the quantitative dimension of the arms trade, there has been a significant change in the qualitative nature of arms now being diffused throughout the Third World. The arms being purchases today by small states are not the obsolete or second-generation weapons of the major powers. Third, considerable changes in the way arms are transferred have occurred during the Period. Until the end of 1960s, most American arms transfers There in the category of grant military assistance. In the 1970s, however, American arms transfers have shifted from the aid to sales category. Finally, suppliers-recipients patterns have not been drastically changed. In the case of suppliers, United States and Soviet Union have been continuously dominant throughout the period. It must be noted, however, that the Third World's arms exports are now rapidly increasing in line with the development of their defense industries, the share of the Third World have dramatically increased in tile 1970s due to the rapid growth of oil-producing countries arms imports.
There have been several major factors accounting for the changing trends in arms transfers. In the 1950s, global competition between the two superpowers was tile predominant factor in arms trade. The United States and the Soviet Union used arms transfers as their political instrument to maintain and expand their global alliance systems. In the 1960s, the type of arms transfers began to be ,shifted from grants to sale in line with the decline of the U.S. absolute predominance in the world and also the economic recovery of European countries. And the share o( the Third World in arms transfers began to increase in this period in parallel with the US-USSR competition in the Third World, growing dissatisfaction of the Third World with the existing global and domestic security systems, and competitions of arms industries for the new arms market. In the 1970s, in addition to the intensification of trends in the 1960s, oil-producing countries conspicuously contributed to the rapid increase of global arms transfers.
Without drastic changes in global political, economic, and military systems, the present trends in arms trade will likely be continued in the near future. Under these circumstances, arms will be further dispersed in the contemporary world order. Its potential effects ale the decrease in stability of the world order in the long-term perspective and also the increase in equality of the World order in case of successfully solving "back-end" problems. It is thus necessary to study and develop more sophisticated arrangements for a stable and just international military order.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 무기이전의 추세 변화
• Ⅲ. 무기이전의 주요요인
• Ⅳ. 무기이전과 신국제군사질서