EU Migration, Income and Unemployment

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

About 2 millions are migrating into Europe each year either for job seeking or for better living environment. The flow of workers into the UK and Ireland following the EU's 2004 enlargement was the largest inward migration ever recorded into either country over a two-year period. Spain's official immigrant population has risen by 400 percent in ten years. And Italy worries about an estimated 100,000 Romanian immigrants, most of whom are thought to be without a job. Thereby EU's migration policy has been a thorny issue and individual EU member countries are trying to solve the problem in the scope of EU level as well as national level.
This paper examines the migration policy changes in EU in accordance with the migration trend. And then this paper analyzes the migration policy effects on GDP,unemployment, and wage in EU countries with several empirical tests. The empirical results show that the migration into EU15 affects wage reduction and increases nationals' unemployment rate in the EU15 countries. However, both EU15 and EU12 enjoy GDP growth from the migration.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Rogers, A., "The indirect estimation of migration: Methods fordealing with irregular, inadequate, and missing data" Springer 2010

2 Christian Dustmann, "The impact of EU enlargement on migration flows" 2003

3 Raymer, J., "The estimation of international migration flows: A general technique focusedon the origin-destination association structure" 12 : 371-388, 2007

4 Barnard Catherine, "The Substantive Law of the EU" Oxford Univ Press 2007

5 Baldwin. R., "The Economics of European Integration" McGraw-Hill 2006

6 Anne Herm, "Recent migration trends: citizens of EU-27 Member States become evermore mobile while EU remains attractive to non-EU citizens" 98 : 2008

7 Nicola Massarelli, "Persisting weakness in the EU labour market -Labour Market LatestTrends-2009Q2 data" Eurostat yearbook 87 : 2009

8 "OECD"

9 Ann Singleton, "Moving Europe: EU research on migration and policy needs" EuropeanCommission, EUR 23859 EN 2009

10 Willekens, F., "Models of migration: Observations and judgement, In International migration in Europe: Data, models and estimates.Chichester" Wiley 117-147, 2008

11 Beate Czech, "Minimum Wages in January 2009" 29 : 2009

12 Demetrios G. Papademetriou, "Migration and theEconomic Downturn: What to Expect in the European Union" 2009

13 Jennissen, R, "Macro-economic determinants of international migration in Europe" Dutch University Press 2004

14 "MPI (Migration Policy Institute)"

15 Katherleen Newland, "Learning by Doing:Experiences of Circular Migration" 2008

16 Lars Svennebye, "Large differences in GDP and consumption per inhabitant acrossEurope" 95 : 2009

17 John R. Dobson, "Labour mobility and migration within the EU following the 2004 Centraland East European enlargement" Emerald Group Publishing Limited 31 (31): 121-138, 2009

18 "IOM (International Organization for Migration)"

19 "Focus Migration"

20 Giampaolo Lanzieri, "First demographic estimates for 2009" 47 : 2009

21 "Eurostat Home"

22 "Europa"

23 "EurActiv.com"

24 Abel, G. J., "Estimation of international migration flow tables in Europe" 173 (173): 797-825, 2010

25 Francesca D'Auria, "Economic impact ofmigration flows following the 2004 EU enlargement process: A model basedanalysis" European Commission, Economic and Financial Affairs 2008

26 김원호, "Economic development strategies: concepts and experiences" The Icfi University Press 2009

27 "EUAUSTRALIA ONLINE"

28 Hugo Brady, "EU Migration Policy: An A-Z" 2008

29 Directives, "Council Directive 2009/50/EC, of 25 May 2009 on the conditions of entry andresidence of third-country nationals for the purposes of highly qualifiedemployment" 2009

30 Kupiszewska, D, "Comparability of statistics on international migration flowsin the European Union, In International migrationin Europe: Data, models and estimates" Wiley 41-71, 2008

31 "Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council"

32 Katya Vasileva, "Citizens of European countries account for the majority of the foreignpopulation in EU-27 in 2008" 94 : 2009

33 "BBC NEWS"

34 Anthonyu Albertinelli, "Asylum applicants and decisions on asylumapplications in Q2 2009" 39 : 2009