화순 운주사 석조불감의 보존환경 및 미기상 분석 = Analysis of Microclimate and Conservation Environment of the Stone Buddha and Shrine in Unjusa Temple, Hwasun, Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The stone Buddha and Shrine of Unjusa temple (Korean Treasure No. 797) at Hwasun formed in Koryo Dynasty is unique style which faces each other the back parts of south and north within the stone Shrine. The stone Buddha and Shrine is highly evaluated in historical, artistic and academic respects. But, the stone properties have been exposed in the open system various aspects of degradations weathered for a long time without specific protective facilities. To inquire into relative deterioration and environmental factor, air temperature and relative humidity of the stone Buddha and Shrine were monitored for a year of the indoor and outdoor, respectively. As a result, the temperature shows increase and decrease according to the seasons in the tendency to clear. While the relative humidity is high to keep all four seasons. Highly relative humidity environment induces dew condensation on the interior of stone Buddha and Shrine. The dew condensation is recorded at the spring, summer and winter season. The summer season is double the total of spring and winter season. In the case of summer, dew condensation is long time continued due to high temperature and relative humidity that is kept by more than nearly 100%. There is progress towards chemical weathering throughout dissolve rock properties and alteration on the rock surface. In the case of winter, dew condensation is not kept for a long time as summer. In the winter, which showing a below zero may add physical weathering throughout moisture that happen by dew condensation to repeat freezing and thawing. Therefore, the reduction plan of the relative humidity effect on dew condensation should be prepared.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

화순 운주사 석조불감(보물 제797호)은 고려시대 양식을 갖추고 있는 석조문화재로서 우리나라에서 유래를 찾아볼 수 없는 거대한 석조불감이다. 남쪽과 북쪽의 감실 내부에는 각각의 불상이 등을 맞대고 있는 쌍배 좌상의 독특한 양식을 보이고 있어 역사적, 미술사적 및 학술적으로 높은 평가를 받고 있다. 그러나 이 석조불감은 특별한 보호시설 없이 옥외에 노출되어 장기간 풍화를 받아 다양한 훼손양상이 복합적으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 상대적인 훼손 및 환경적 요인을 분석하기 위해 석조불감 내부와 외부의 온도분포와 상대습도를 일년간 모니터링 하였다. 이 결과, 석조불감의 기온 및 상대습도 연중변화는 일정한 변동률의 폭으로 증감을 반복하며 기온은 계절에 따라 상승과 감소의 경향을 뚜렷이 보이는 반면, 상대습도는 사계절 모두 높은 습도를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 석조불감의 내부는 높은 상대습도로 인해 표면 결로현상이 나타나고 있으며 이는 봄, 여름 및 겨울철에 관찰된다 특히 여름철은 봄과 겨울철의 합보다도 2배정도 높게 나타나며, 기온이 높고 상대습도가 거의 100%에서 일정하게 유지되므로 결로현상이 오랫동안 암석 표면에 지속되어 구성광물을 용해시키고 표면을 변질시켜 화학적 풍화를 촉진시킬 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 이 석조불감의 보존을 위해 결로현상에 영향을 미치는 상대습도의 저감방안이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

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