첨두 수요 응답형 대중교통 서비스의 효과평가 및 도입 기준 수립 = Performance Measurement and Determination of Introduction Criteria for Peak Demand Responsive Transit Service

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Peak demand responsive transit (peak DRT) services are being proposed recently to supplement urban public transportation systems’ limitations. The peak DRT aggregates passengers with similar origins, destinations, and departure times into groups and provides a demand-responsive and express service for each group. This study evaluated the performance of introducing the peak DRT, then established the criteria to determine O-D pairs to introduce the DRT service. To achieve this, we assumed that the DRT should be introduced for O-D pairs with great demands and inferior public transportation services and identified O-D pairs to introduce the DRT under varying criteria: the minimum demand and the minimum difference of generalized travel time between private car and public transportation. We clustered individual public transportation trips on smartcard data by origins, destinations, and departure times, then generated a DRT route for each cluster and evaluated its cost and benefit. This procedure was repeated under varying criteria, and a criterion that maximizes the benefit-to-cost (B/C) ratio or maximizes the benefit while maintaining B/C at least one was selected. As a result, the number of DRT passengers as well as the benefit of DRT introduction were higher under a criterion maximizing the benefit than a criterion maximizing the B/C. This result implies that the criterion for peak DRT introduction should be determined to maximize the benefit than the B/C to provide the DRT service for more people.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

도시 대중교통 시스템의 한계점을 보완하기 위하여, 기점, 종점, 출발시각이 유사한 승객들을 하나의 그룹으로 묶고, 각 그룹 단위로 수요에 응답하면서도 급행처럼 빠른 서비스를 제공하는 첨두 수요 응답형 대중교통 서비스(첨두 DRT)가 최근 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 첨두 DRT에 대해 도입 효과를 평가하고, 이를 기반으로 DRT를 어떠한 O-D 쌍에 도입할지를 결정하기 위한 기준을 수립하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 수요가 많으면서 대중교통 서비스가 불량한 O-D 쌍에 DRT를 도입하는 것으로 가정하고, DRT의 도입 기준이 되는 수요의 최솟값 및 대중교통과 승용차의 일반화 통행시간 차의 최솟값을 여러 가지로 변화시키면서 DRT를 도입할 O-D 쌍들을 판별하였다. 그리고 스마트카드 데이터에 나타난 개별 대중교통 통행을 기점, 종점, 출발시각에 따라 클러스터링한 뒤, 각 클러스터 단위로 DRT 노선을 생성하고 그 비용과 편익을 산출하였다. 이를 DRT 도입 기준을 변화시키면서 반복하였으며, 비용 대 편익 비(B/C)를 최대화하거나, B/C를 1 이상으로 유지하면서 편익을 최대화하는 기준을 최적의 DRT 도입 기준으로 선정하였다. 그 결과 B/C를 최대화할 때에 비해서 편익을 최대화할 때 DRT의 편익뿐만 아니라 DRT를 이용하는 승객 수 역시 더 높게 나타났다. 이는 실제 DRT 도입 시 편익을 최대화하는 방향으로 도입 기준을 수립하는 것이 B/C를 최대화하는 방향에 비해 더 많은 사람들에게 DRT 서비스를 제공한다는 측면에서 좀 더 바람직함을 의미한다.

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