論儒家的“實心實政”思想 = Confucian Philosophy on Epistemological Heart and Pragmatic Politics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

以實心行實政是儒家"內聖外王"思想在社會治理中的呈現，也是指導"垂二千年而弗能改"之"郡縣制"的行政倫理。"實心"偏于知識的倫理性，類似于儒家的"德性之知"；"實政"則偏于政治的倫理性，類似于儒家的"王道仁政"。"郡縣制"的執行者爲"親民之官"，"實心"卽其政治覺悟和行政倫理，"實政"表達者則爲其慈幼、養育"子民"的本職責任；"實心實政"的統一亦是考績"牧令"職守得行政標准和"民貴君輕"的政治標准。這兩種標准爲中國的子民百姓槪括爲"當官不爲民做主，不如回家賣紅薯"。中國社會治理傳統中的"勤政愛民"、"視民如傷"以及當代中國政治中的"爲人民服務"、"三嚴三實"等，也都可以理解爲"實心實政"的歷史傳承及其政治上的創新性運用。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

to conduct pragmatic politics by epistemological heart is manifestation of Confucian Inner Saint and Outer King in social rule, serving as the administrative ethics in Chinese County and Prefecture Administration. Epistemological heart reveals more ethics than intellectual faculty, similar to Confucian moral knowledge, while pragmatic politics discloses more messages on political ethics, resembling Confucian humanity-oriented politics. In Chinese County and Prefecture Administration, the administrators are officials intimate to their civilians with their epistemological heart nursing political awareness and administrative ethics and their pragmatic politics illustrated in administrative duties to enriching and sustaining their children civilians in a country family. The integrity of epistemological heart and pragmatic politics is regarded as the standard to examine the administrative merits of county and prefecture officials and to implement Mencian doctrine of the political superiority of civilians over monarchs(民貴君輕). This standard is popularly stated among civilians as Better to retreat to toast potatoes than to be officials without committing to serve the civilians. Such type of administration and politics has now been turned into Chinese Communist catch-phrase Serving the People(爲人民服務)