Korea has achieved a high economic growth through the policy of growth pole and has faced. But, the rapid growth of urban problem with the absolute lack of housing supply caused by the population converged towards the capital has occurred. Seoul metro...
Korea has achieved a high economic growth through the policy of growth pole and has faced. But, the rapid growth of urban problem with the absolute lack of housing supply caused by the population converged towards the capital has occurred. Seoul metropolitan government has been propelling an urban renewal project to recover its urban function through an improvement of poor housing environment of Seoul citizens and to realize social welfare through the supply of good houses to the low-income group.
In the early stage of urbanization, urban renewal projects recognized inferior dwelling sites as an element that blocked the development of an urban. Thus, the urban renewal projects of the time started from the administrative viewpoint of regulation and removal and cultivation, but they did not satisfactorily develop cities due to the lack of legal support. Urban renewals have been actively progressing with the introduction of a joint renewal method after 「Temporary measures for house reform」of 1973 and 「Implementation ordinance for urban renewal law」of 1983 were revised. The current 「Urban and residential environment improvement act」 was applied in 2002 as a unified law from residential environment improvement project, housing reconstruction project, housing renewal project, and urban environment improvement project which is legally supporting urban improvement projects.
Urban improvement projects have enhanced, high-density and mid- and large-sized apartment units have been being still constructed regardless of the structure of a city and the economic ability of residents in order to secure the easiness of project implementation of public institutions, the efficiency of land use, and investment resources. Thus, such an urban renewal project gives another housing problem to the original residents of the low-income group who are generally main residents in the districts of renewal projects.
The problem of a current urban renewal project is to make the meaning of public service faded due to the excessive pursuit of business profitability. Since a joint renewal was carried out as a method to improve an urban environment even in a situation in which there were not public resource, such a problem has occurred.
The renewal method focusing on business profitability has caused life problems such as a disharmony with the surrounding urban environment and traffic jam induced from the burden of urban infrastructure made by the change of income group. Also, as project developers have constructed mid- and large-sized apartments of which the sale is easer than that of small-sized apartments, low-income group had to inevitably choose to move to other region due to excessively added expenses. Urban renewal projects have failed in terms of re-settlement of original residents, triggering many problems such as unstable dwelling caused by failing to secure temporary dwelling sites and so leading the rent to rise in the surrounding areas, the compensation problem of operating loss for self-employed businesses, and residents’ negative reaction.
The problem with a prolonged project should be solved through smoothly performing the project of a renewal based on active investment of public resources. Also, public support should be expanded with the introduction of a tax increment financial(TIF) system and various housing forms should be provided through the expansion of transferable development rights(TDR).
The dwelling level of tenants should increase even when the number of family member is four by expanding and improving the supply scale of rental houses. In addition, an urban renewal project should allow the low-income aged persons to live in rental houses by diversifying the supply types of rental houses. In the deposition of rental houses, the units must not face the physical discrimination with units built for sale, and the communication between residents of rental apartments and apartments built for sale must be naturally formed through various measures and welfare facilities. In the case of rental houses, inequalities according to resident periods and regions occur. In order to solve the problem that a rent is calculated with the same method to that of 50-year public rental houses, rental according to the levels of incomes should be considered.
Keywords: re-settlement rate, urban renewal project, TIF, TDR, rental house