전문성 발달에서 경험의 역할과 쟁점

국문 초록 (Abstract)

경험은 전문성 발달에 있어서 핵심적인 요소로 인식되어 왔으나 전문성 발달과 경험의 관계에 관한 실증 연구들은 일관성 있는 결론을 내리지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 전문성 발달 과정에서 경험이 어떤 역할을 하는지를 살펴보고 관련 쟁점을 분석하였다. 전문성의 발달에서 경험의 역할을 경험적 지식, 지식의 맥락적 활용 능력, 암묵지, 자동성 획득의 네 가지 측면으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 전문성과 경험의 관계에 관한 쟁점은 크게 세 가지로 첫째, 경험과 지식의 관계, 둘째, 경험과 학습의 관계, 셋째, 경험의 깊이와 폭에 관한 것이다. 쟁점의 분석 결과 전문성의 발달에서 경험은 분석적 지식과 서술적 지식 보다는 절차적 지식에 영향을 미치고, 경험이 학습으로 연계되는 데는 특정 조건이 필요하며, 비구조화된 문제상황에서는 경험이 깊이와 함께 폭이 중요하다는 점이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 전문성과 경험에 관한 이론적, 실천적 시사점을 제공해준다는 점, 특히 최근 전문성 연구에서 주목되고 있는 적응적 전문성 연구에서 고려해야 하는 시사점을 제시한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to review research issues about a role of experience in expertise development. The experience has been recognized as a key factor in expertise development. However, many empirical studies about the relationship between the experience and expertise were not consistent. Therefore this study reviewed prior studies about the relationship between the experience and expertise, and analyzed the related issues. In this study, the role of experience in expertise development was divided four aspects acquisition of automaticity, ability of knowledge contextual utilization, acquisition of tacit knowledge, and construction of experiential knowledge. The issues on experience and expertise was the relationship between experience and knowledge, the relationship between experience and learning, and the breath and depth of experience. Through this issue, I described that experience affects the procedural knowledge, rather than analytical knowledge and procedural knowledge in the development of expertise, there are certain conditions required to be linked experience to the learning, and experienced with not only the breath and but depth may be important at ill-structured problem situation. These issues have implications on theories and practice of expertise, especially adaptive expertise research.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 전문성과 전문성 발달
• Ⅲ. 전문성 발달 기제로서의 경험의 역할
• Ⅳ. 전문성 발달에서 경험의 쟁점
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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