新관상결합의 정치경제:중국의 권력엘리트 동맹 = The Political Economy of a New Combination of Bureaucrats and Entrepreneur: The Chinese Power Elite Alliance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article analyses the restructurized process of the Chinese ruling classes in the reform periods primarily in terms of a combination of the bureaucrats and the entrepreneurs. During the power consolidation process in the 1980s and since the ‘accumulation by dispossession' that began in the mid-1990s, there were many instances where the bureaucrats and the entrepreneurs switched places. This was a full-scale depredation of public possessions through the transfer from the public sphere to the private sphere. These combinations of bureaucrats and entrepreneurs became more common at the local government level, and relied on the Communist Party's Organization. It gradually came to have proper institutional legitimacy, but on the other hand, it was rife with the potential for social and political conflict between classes. The characteristics of the Chinese ruling elite class had been formed in the neo-liberalism context with anti-democratic properties. In this context, it restructurized the ruling classes in the form of combination of state power and capital power through the corporations and at the exclusion of the new classes.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글에서는 개혁시기 중국 지배권력 계급의 재구조화 과정을 ‘官商결합’이라는 측면에서 고찰하였다. 80년대 ‘권력 자본화’와 90년대 중반이후 ‘탈취에 의한 부의 축적’ 과정에서 관료와 기업가 간의 상호 이동이 자유로워지면서 공적 영역에서 사적 영역으로의 이전을 통한 공유재산의 약탈이 대규모로 벌어져왔다. 이러한 중국의 新관상결합은 지방정부 차원에서 보편화되었고 공산당 조직에 의존해 왔으며, 동시에 점차 제도적 합법성을 갖추고 있지만 반면 사회 하층에 대해선 불관용적인 태도를 보임에 따라 중국 사회의 계급갈등이 고조화되고 있다. 이러한 관상결합의 형태로 공고화되어온 중국 통치엘리트계급의 특성은 반민주적 속성을 내재한 신자유주의의 맥락 속에서 형성되어왔다. 이러한 맥락 속에서 새로운 계급·계층에 대한 포섭과 배제를 통해 국가권력과 자본권력이 결합된 지배계급이 재구조화될 수 있었다.

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