Thrips, including Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa, is one of the polyphagous pest damaging flowers and leaves of horticultural and agricultural crops. Due to its rapid development of insecticide resistance, conventional insecticid...
Thrips, including Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa, is one of the polyphagous pest damaging flowers and leaves of horticultural and agricultural crops. Due to its rapid development of insecticide resistance, conventional insecticides are not effective to thrips control, thus requiring an alternative control method. RNA interference (RNAi)-based control strategy has been developed to control various phytophagous chewing pests. However, no successful case of RNAi-based control was reported for sucking pests including thrips. In this study, the ingested amount of nuclei and plastids following time course in the two thrips (F. occidentalis and F. intonsa) along with two reference sucking pests (Tetranychus urticae, a cell feeder, and Nilaparvara, a cap feeder) were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The ingested amount of plastids was significantly greater than those of nuclei in the thrips and mites species. However, substantially lower and greater ratio between ingestion amount of nuclei and plastids than those in intact kidney bean leaves was identified in the two thrips and mite species, respectively, suggesting that thrips and mite has different preference for nuclei and plastids. In contrast, no plant subcellular fractions were detected in brown planthopper. These findings provide the first proof-of-concept that hairpin RNA expressed in the nucleus can be delivered to mesophyll sucking feeders such as thrips and mites. With this in mind, a total of 57 candidate genes were selected from the transcriptome data of F. occidentalis, and the double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA), targeting each candidate gene, were delivered to a susceptible strain of F. occidentalis via the leaf disc-feeding method. The dsRNA of toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6), apolipophorin (apoLp), coatomer protein subunit epsilon (COPE), and sorting and assembly machinery component 50 (SAM50) resulted in the highest mortality in both insecticide-susceptible strain and -resistant strain. The dsRNA-fed thrips showed 46%, 47%, 37%, and 22% reduced transcription levels of TLR6, apoLp, COPE and SAM50 in insecticide-susceptible strain and 71%, 36%, 27%, and 50% in -resistant strain, respectively. This result demonstrates that the observed mortality following dsRNA ingestion was due to RNAi. The efficacy of ingestion RNAi of the lethal genes was also confirmed against an insecticide-resistant strain of F. occidentalis, indicating that RNAi-based control would be effective against both susceptible and resistant populations of F. occidentalis. Development of transgenic tomato plants expressing dsRNA targeting these lethal genes is currently in progress as a practical tool to control thrips in the field.