〈8½〉의 내러티브 구조 재해석 = 크리스티앙 메츠의 분석에 대한 반론

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is possible to figure out indirectly how a director has used the cameras through the images shown in a film. This study which is related to the camera is begun as a reinterpretation of Lasswell’s Communication Model (5W) : Who / Say What / In Which Channel / To Whom / With What Effect. We try to answer this key question : “How does the director expresses his intention to the spectators through the camera?”
We define the films that have the following characteristics as the film sur le film, film on film in English: a fiction film, a film directed by the ‘auteur’, treatment of the process of the film production, presentation of the film dans le film, film in film in English, and the existence of director’s reflexive character. To respond the key question, we analyze 8 ½ (1963) by Federico Fellini which is his first film sur le film.
8 ½ has one of the most complex narratives in the film history. Christian Metz named it as a ‘twice double layered film.’ In particular, interpretations on the last sequence of the film which is really very stubborn in its decomposition, are still divided. The most controversial point is whether Guido directed the film or pretended to shoot it. Although many scholars have tried to unveil the secrets of this sequence, still there was no clear interpretation in the past 60 years. For example Metz said, “8 ½, we do not even see Guido was shooting this film…” However, We don’t agree to his contention.
Our hypothesis as follows: “If we found some cameras taking the shot and the shot filmed by them, then we would finally have validated Guido’s action as the direction of the film.” To prove this hypothesis, we introduce another notion, film dans le film : a part of film sur le film, its independent narrative, the exposure of the scene of production or of projection, the existence of filming camera, etc.
After all possible checks, we propose a redefinition of the narrative structure of 8 ½. With this study we want to suggest a new method of film analysis to approach the director’s intention.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론
• 2. 〈8½〉의 내러티브구조
• 3. 새로운 개념의 도입 : 영화에 대한 영화/영화 속 영화
• 4. 마지막 시퀀스 분석 : 쇼트 768-773
• 5. 내러티브 구조의 재구성
• 6. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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2 BOYER Deena, "The Two Hundred Days of 8 ½ ; The Genesis of Fellini’s Masterpiece" The Macmillan Company 1964

3 BONDANELLA Peter, "The Cinema of Federico Fellini" Princeton University Press 1992

4 ROSENTHAL Stuart, "The Cinema of Federico Fellini" A.S. Barnes&Co. Inc 1976

5 FELLINI Federico, "Propos sur 8 ½ par Federico Fellini" (164) : 1965

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8 PERNOT Hervé, "L’Organisation du réel dans les films de Federico Fellini" Université Paris I 2001

9 METZ Christian, "L’Enonciation impersonnelle, ou le site du film" Méridiens Klincksieck 1991

10 GRANGE Marie-Françoise, "L’Autoportrait en cinéma" PUR 2008

11 PERNOT Hervé, "L’Atelier Fellini, une expression du doute" L’Harmattan 2003

12 ROH Chul-Hwan, "Le Film sur le film, une nouvelle approche analytique. Son application à 2 films majeurs :La Nuit américaine de François Truffaut et Huit et demi de Federico Fellini" Université Paris VIII – Vincennes Saint-Denis 2013

13 SCHMIDT Nicolas, "Le Film dans le film : Analyse d’un procédé de mise en scène" Université de Paris I 1981

14 MICHA René, "Le Clair de l’obscur" (45) : 1971

15 BLUHER Dominique, "Le Cinéma dans le cinéma : film(s) dans le film et mise en abyme" Université Paris III 1996

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20 KAEL Pauline, "I Lost it at the Movies" 2007

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23 ZIMMER Catherine Adelina, "Film on film : self-reflexivity and moving image technology, Berkeley" University of California 2002

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25 ROHDIE Sam, "Fellini Lexicon" bif Publishing 2002

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27 Sam Stourdzé, "Fellini 8 1/2" IDPURE 2011

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31 BORIN Fabrizio, "Federico Fellini" Gremese 1999

32 METZ Christian, "Essais sur la signification au cinéma Tome I" Edition Klincksieck 1978

33 AUMONT Jacques, "Dictionnaire théorique et critique du cinéma" Nathan 2004

34 Alain, "Dictionnaire du cinéma mondial" Editions du Rocher 1994

35 Alain Rey, "Dictionnaire culturel en langue française, Tombe IV" Le Robert 2005

36 COSTANTINI Costanzo, "Conversations avec Federico Fellini" Denoël 1995

37 CEDERNA Camilla, "8 ½ de Fellini" Julliard 1963

38 FELLINI Federico, "8 ½ Scénario bilingue" Editions du seuil 1996

39 AFFRON Charles, "8 ½ Federico Fellini, director" Rutgers University Press 1987