The free economic zone was developed in 2003 when the Special Act on the Designation and Operation of Free Economic Zones was enacted, and it is a development project zone that has been promoted for about 16 years with the aim of promoting foreign inv...
The free economic zone was developed in 2003 when the Special Act on the Designation and Operation of Free Economic Zones was enacted, and it is a development project zone that has been promoted for about 16 years with the aim of promoting foreign investment and strengthening national competitiveness by improving the investment attraction environment and settlement conditions for foreigners.
As of 2020, the free economic zone has entered a period of mature development to some extent and Songdo International City among the free economic zones in Incheon is regarded as the most leading and stable development among the free economic zones in Korea.
However, behind this success, a special purpose corporation created by a foreign company was designated as a development project implementer and the land was supplied at a lower cost than the market price. The reality is that such a development project implementer has been criticized for developing new towns by focusing on residential facilities.
Therefore, this study analyzes the development profits from the development of residential facilities in Songdo International Business District (1‧3) and Songdo Landmark City (6‧8), which are designated and developed as private development project implementers in Incheon Free Economic Zone.
In addition, the purpose of the project is to discuss the problems and improvement measures for the recovery of development profits from development free economic zone development projects by analyzing the status of private development project implementers' reinvestment, development charges, and status of donation.
The development profit was estimated to be significant as the site for this study was developed by local governments with cheap land below the cost of construction. However, according to the analysis, there was little profit from the development of residential facilities.
The reason for this result was that the construction company, which is a shareholder of the development project implementer, carried out the construction work in common, and the analysis of the project cost showed that the amount was 1.3 to 1.7 times higher than the standard construction cost of the government.
In addition, the shareholder of the development project implementer participated as a construction company and carried out the construction in an exclusive form, and the construction cost was increased overall due to a number of contracts in the form of contracts rather than competitive bidding methods. These construction costs are caused by excessive construction costs due to lack of proper checks or verification.
In addition, the current provisions of the Act on the Reinvestment of Development Gains were excluded from the project subject to this study, and the imposition of development charges was confirmed to have been canceled due to the Supreme Court's ruling on the disposition of cancellation, which effectively made it difficult to collect them.
However, some development project implementers of this study had a plan to make contributions of 600 billion won to the public and an additional 280 billion won, indicating some performance in an uninstitutional manner. However, institutional supplementation is likely to be necessary as these results are results in an uninstitutional way.
As a result of this study, it is deemed that institutional supplementation is necessary before implementing the Free Economic Zone Development Project, given that development projects generated in the Free Economic Zone do not have a fixed return system for development profits to private development project implementers, and that construction costs may be excessively incurred when shareholders of the development project implementer participate in the construction work.
It is expected that if institutional and non-institutional problems are supplemented and projects for developing free economic zones are implemented, the development gains of free economic zones will be reinvested in development projects and serve as the basis for the success of developing free economic zones.