GPU 기반의 부채꼴 요소법을 이용한 햅틱 도자기 모델링 시스템 = A Haptic Pottery Modeling System Using GPU-Based Circular Sector Element Method

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문에서는 사용자가 실제와 같은 촉감을 느끼면서 가상 도자기의 물레 성형을 체험할 수 있는 E-Learning 시스템을 제안한다. 원통형으로 대칭을 이루는 도자기 모양의 특징에 착안하여 부채꼴 모양을 가진 요소의 집합으로 3차원 도자기를 모델링하였다. 부채꼴 요소법에 최적화된 충돌 처리와 인접 요소간 상호작용 알고리즘을 고안하였으며, GPU 기반의 빠른 햅틱 모델과 시각 모델의 동기화를 구현하였다. 성능 평가 결과 부채꼴 요소법은 기존의 변형체 렌더링 기법에 비해 훨씬 더 조밀한 도자기 모델의 현실적인 실시간 햅틱 렌더링이 가능한 것을 확인하였다. 우리가 구현한 시스템을 도자기와 관련된 교육적인 컨텐츠와 잘 결합한다면 초등학생들을 대상으로 한 E-Learning 시스템으로 성공적인 활용이 가능할것으로 예상된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper presents an efficient modeling system of virtual pottery in which the user can deform a body of virtual clay with a haptic tool for E-learning. We propose a Circular Sector Element Method (CSEM) which represents the virtual pottery with a set of circular sector elements based on the cylindrical symmetry of pottery. Efficient algorithms for collision detection and response, interactions between adjacent elements, and GPU-based visual-haptic synchronization are designed and implemented for the CSEM. Empirical evaluation showed that the modeling system is computationally efficient with finer details and provides convincing model deformation and force feedback. The developed system, if combined with educational contents, is expected to be used as an effective E-learning platform for elementary school students.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약
• Abstract
• 1. 서론
• 2. 관련 연구
• 3. 도자기 모델의 구조
• 4. 충돌 감지
• 5. 충돌 반응
• 6. GPU 기반의 햅틱 모델과 시각 모델 동기화
• 7. 모델링 시스템의 구현
• 8. 성능 측정
• 9. 결론
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 G. Han, "Virtual Pottery Modeling with Force Feedback Using Cylindrical Element Method" 125-129, 2007

2 K. T. McDonnell, "Virtual Clay: A Real-Time Sculpting System with Haptic Toolkits" 179-190, 2001

3 Y. Chai, "Virtual Clay Modeling Using the ISU Exoskeleton" 76-80, 1998

4 K. Kameyama, "Virtual Clay Modeling System" 197-200, 1997

5 O. C. Zienkiewics, "The Finite Element Method" Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann 2005

6 C. Mendoza, "Simulating Cutting in Surgery Applications Using Haptics and Finite Element Models" 295-296, 2003

7 S.Y. Kim, "Real-time Haptic Rendering of High-Resolution Volumetric Deformable Object in a Collaborative Virtual Environment" 19 (19): 951-975, 2005

8 S. Jun, "Physics-based s- Adaptive Haptic Simulation for Deformable Object" 477-483, 2006

9 O. R. Astley, "Multirate Haptic Simulation Achieved by Coupling Finite Element Meshes Through Norton Equivalents" 989-994, 1998

10 I. F. Costa, "LEM - An Approach for Real Time Physically Based Soft Tissue Simulation" 2337-2343, 2001

11 F. Conti, "Interactive Rendering of Deformable Objects Based on a Filling Sphere Modeling Approach" 3716-3721, 2003

12 Cristian J. Luciano, "GPU-based elastic-object deformation for enhancement of existing haptic applications" 146-151, 2007

13 T. W. Sederberg, "Free-Form Deformation of Solid Geometric Models" 151-160, 1986

14 S. Coquillart, "Extended Free-Form Deformation: A Sculpturing Tool for 3D Geometric Modeling" 187-196, 1990

15 G. Debunne, "Dynamic Real-Time Deformations Using Space & Time Adaptive Sampling" 31-36, 2001

16 W. Hsu, "Direct Manipulation of Free-Form Deformations" 177-184, 1992

17 S. Coquillart, "Animated Free-Form Deformation: An Interactive Animation Technique" 23-26, 1991

18 J. Kim, "An Itegral Equation Based Multiresolution Modeling Scheme for Multimodal Medical Simulations" 221-228, 2003

19 K. Korida, "An Interactive 3D Interface for a Virtual Ceramic Art Work Environment" 227-234, 1997

20 K. Sundaraj, "An Approach to LEM Modeling: Construction, Collision Detection and Dynamic Simulation" 2196-2201, 2001

21 T. Massie, "A tangible goal for 3D modeling" 18 : 62-65, 1998

22 D. L. James, "A Unified Treatment of Elastostatic Contact Simulation for Real Time Haptics" 141-153, 2005

23 M. de Pascale, "A GPU-friendly method for haptic and graphic rendering of deformable objects" 44-51, 2004