Corporations and criminal responsibility

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• TABLE OF CASES = xi
• TABLE OF STATUTES = xv
• 1. Safety and Public Welfare = 1
• 1. Regulatory offences = 3
• 2. Real crime and real persons = 5
• 3. Corporations and crime = 8
• 4. Conclusion = 12
• 2. The role of criminal law = 13
• 1. Why criminal law? = 14
• 2. Theories of punishment = 18
• 3. Crime and regulation = 21
• ⅰ. The historical and political contingency of regulation = 23
• ⅱ. Regulation and social constructions = 25
• ⅲ. Enforcement strategies = 26
• 4. Corporate Sanctions = 31
• ⅰ. Financial sanctions = 32
• ⅱ. Non-financial sanctions = 37
• 3. Attribution of responsibility = 40
• 1. Social constructions of crime = 40
• 2. Blame attribution = 43
• 3. Cause and blame = 46
• 4. Institutional influences = 53
• ⅰ. The coroner's inquest = 54
• ⅱ. Public inquiries = 56
• 4. Criminal responsibility and the corporate entity = 63
• 1. Notions of criminal responsibility = 64
• 2. Culpability and strict liability = 67
• 3. Groups, associations, and corporations = 70
• 4. The corporate entity = 74
• ⅰ. Are corporations persons? = 75
• ⅱ. Can corporations act morally? = 78
• ⅲ. Juristic personhood : the corporation in law = 81
• 5. Corporate liability in England and Wales = 84
• 1. Historical development = 86
• ⅰ. Conception = 86
• ⅱ. Infancy : to 1900 = 87
• ⅲ. Childhood : 1900-40 = 90
• ⅳ. Adolescence : 1940-90 = 93
• 2. Corporate liability - a maturing idea = 99
• ⅰ. Strict liability and hybrid offences = 101
• ⅱ. Mens rea offences = 103
• 6. Corporate manslaughter = 106
• 1. Key developments = 106
• ⅰ. P&O = 107
• ⅱ. Great Western Trains = 112
• ⅲ. The aftermath = 114
• 2. Culpability and risk = 115
• 3. Unlawful act manslaughter - the forgotten question = 117
• 4. Corporate killing - a proposed offence = 120
• ⅰ. The background = 120
• ⅱ. Law Commission Report 237 = 122
• 7. Comparative and international solutions = 127
• 1. Comparative cautions = 128
• 2. Common law variations = 129
• ⅰ. Canada = 130
• ⅱ. New Zealand = 131
• ⅲ. United States - state jurisdictions = 131
• ⅳ. United States - federal jurisdiction = 132
• ⅴ. Australia = 136
• 3. Civil law changes = 138
• 4. Convergence = 140
• 8. The responsible corporation = 146
• 1. The corporate organization = 146
• 2. Strict(vicarious) liability versus due diligence = 152
• 3. People, systems, and culture = 154
• ⅰ. Extending identification = 155
• ⅱ. Aggregation = 156
• ⅲ. Going holistic = 156
• 4. Individual liability = 160
• 5. The responsible corporation = 164
• Bibliography = 169
• Index = 185