This paper studies the biological activity related to antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory by mixing starter strains (Leuconostoc Mesenteroides + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) and dead-nanometric Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (nF1) with orga...
This paper studies the biological activity related to antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory by mixing starter strains (Leuconostoc Mesenteroides + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) and dead-nanometric Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (nF1) with organic kimchi, and the purpose is to identify their mechanism of action and provide a theoretical basis for the functionality of organic kimchi with starters and nF1 added in the future. The paper includes two studies, Study 1 investigated the functional evaluation, antioxidant and anticancer functions of OAK, an organic kimchi with starters (LM+LP) and nF1 added through in vitro experiments. Study 2 confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of OAK in RAW 264.7 cells through in vitro experiments and investigated the anti-inflammatory and Natural Killer cell (NK cell) activity through C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes.
In Study 1, the purpose was to investigate the anticancer effect of organic kimchi supplemented with Starter (LM+LP) and nF1 on HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Four types of kimchi (standard kimchi [SK], commercial kimchi [CK], anti-cancer kimchi [AK] and organic anti-cancer kimchi [OAK]) were evaluated. As a result, among various types of kimchi, OAK showed the highest antioxidant activity and the highest growth inhibition rate against HT-29 cancer cells. In addition, through sensory evaluation, it was evaluated as similar to or better than SK and CK. The RT-qPCR results show that AK and OAK can effectively downregulate the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and upregulate the mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bim, Bak, Bad, caspase 3 and caspase 9. The expressions of the cell cycle arrest genes p53 and p21 were also significantly increased. At the same time, OAK regulated the expression of Bcl-2 the least and showed the highest expression of p53, Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9.
The above results indicate that OAK effectively inhibits the proliferation of HT-29 cancer cells by promoting cell death and cell cycle arrest, while maintaining the taste and flavor of conventional kimchi and enhancing the antioxidant functionality.
In Study 2, the effect of organic kimchi made by adding dead-nanometric Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, nF1, and the starters Leuconostoc mesenteriodes and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, on RAW 264.7 cells and C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes was studied. A total of four types of kimchi were evaluated, and they consisted of standard kimchi [SK], commercial kimchi [CK], anticancer kimchi [AK], and organic anticancer kimchi [OAK]. As a result, OAK showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect and NK cell activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and splenocytes. Nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly inhibited in RAW 264.7 cells and splenocytes treated with LPS, and the expression level was most similar to that of the CON. As a result of RT-qPCR in Raw 264.7 cells, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-γ and inflammatory enzymes such as COX-2 and iNOS were significantly reduced in the kimchi sample treatment group. In particular, OAK showed the lowest expression level. At the same time, cytokine analysis using an ELISA kit confirmed that OAK suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ and increased the expression of IL-10. Through Western blot, it was confirmed that the expression of IκBα was increased and the expression of NF-κB p65 and COX-2 was decreased in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. RT-qPCR and ELISA experiments in C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes, OAK suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-6, NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p105, and increased the expression of IL-10. In addition, the tendency to increase NK cell activity was confirmed by the response of splenocytes and Yac-1 cell.
These results show that organic kimchi with starter (LM+LP) and nF1 can be produced at a higher quality than standard kimchi or kimchi made with organic ingredients alone, and is more functional than standard kimchi by increasing antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.