미생물과 식물에 의해 생성된 탄산칼슘의 광물학적 특성 관찰 = Mineralogical Observation of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Properties by Bacterial and Plant Ureases

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 미생물과 식물이 가지는 요소분해효소 작용에 의해 침전되는 탄산칼슘(CaCO3)의 광물학적특성을 관찰하고 비교하였다. 중금속으로 오염된 산성 토양에서 분리한 Sporosarcina sp. KM-01, KM-07, KM-12 등의 박테리아 균주 및 Canavalia ensiformis 식물 추출액에 의해 침전되는 CaCO3를 X-선회절분석(XRD) 및 전자현미경(SEM) 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 박테리아 균주로부터 침전되는 CaCO3은 바테라이트가 주 광물상이었으나, 식물에 의해 생성되는 CaCO3의 주 광물상은 방해석으로 확인되었고, 일부 바테라이트가 검출되었다. 박테리아의 경우 진화적 요인에 의해 낮은 pH에 잘 적응된 균주의 요소분해효소 특이적 활성의 차이로 바테라이트가 생성되고, 아직 명확하게 규명되지 않은 바테라이트 결정 구조와 특정 아미노산의 영향으로 해당 구조가 유지되었을 가능성을 예상할수 있다. 이러한 결과는 생광물화작용 및 토양환경복원 등의 분야에 적용 시 유용한 자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Calcium carbonate(CaCO3) can be precipitated by urea hydrolysis by bacterial and plant ureases. Sporosarcina sp. KM-01, KM-07, and KM-12 strains were shown to be able to precipitate CaCO3 using urea amended with calcium chloride. Also, an extract of the plant, Canavalia ensiformis, was shown to produce CaCO3 as an effective biomaterial. The mineralogical formation of CaCO3 using bacteria was compared to that of plant urease in this study. The results revealed that urease in the Canavalia ensiformis extracts precipitated mainly calcite, however, the ureases in the bacterial strains produced vaterite in liquid-state cultures. Considering acidic habitats of the isolated bacterial strains, these results could be attributed to their evolutionary capabilities or the addition of specific amino acid. This makes the general application of biomineralization process based on stimulation of urea hydrolysis and potentially useful for a variety of soil bioengineering and environmental bioremediation.

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