미국의 홀로코스트 기억 제도화 및 국제규범화 －국립문서기록관리청(NARA)과 홀로코스트 기념 박물관(USHMM)의 역할을 중심으로－ = NARA and USHMM: The Institutionalizationof Holocaust Memory and Its Emergence as an International Norm

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the roles of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) in the institutionalization of the Holocaust agenda and its diffusion as an international norm. By analyzing these two institutions together, the study seeks to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the national policy approach adopted by the United States regarding the utilization of Holocaust records.
NARA’s Holocaust archiving extended beyond the technical management of historical materials ; through its systematic organization and declassification of records, it provided an institutional foundation that enabled the United States to mobilize the Holocaust as a political resource. However, existing scholarship on the Americanization of the Holocaust has concentrated largely on the activities of the Jewish community－represented most prominently by the USHMM－and has thus offered only a limited engagement with the state-led and politically instrumental dimensions of the process. Unlike the USHMM, which has often been the subject of political debate concerning its exhibition and educational orientation due to its close association with the interests of major Jewish organizations, NARA’s Holocaust-related projects proceeded more steadily and systematically within a bureaucratic administrative framework. For this reason, NARA offers a valuable case for examining how the United States, while maintaining close ties with Jewish communal actors, simultaneously articulated an autonomous state policy for incorporating the Holocaust into its broader agenda.
The USHMM institutionalized Holocaust memory through the utilization of survivor testimonies and a wide range of exhibitions, educational programs, and commemorative initiatives, thereby enhancing U.S. moral leadership. In parallel, NARA pursued policies aimed at strengthening national legitimacy more broadly by ensuring the transparent and democratically accessible management of records in the international political arena. This study demonstrates that NARA’s Holocaust archiving was also utilized as an important instrument of memory politics in the international political arena during both the Cold War and post–Cold War periods.