『사기』 「오제본기(五帝本紀)」 황제(黃帝) 및 전욱(顓頊)에 관해서 = About Huang Ti and Zhuanxu in “Annals of the Five Emperors(五帝本紀)” in Shiji(Records of the Grand Historian)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The ancient history of China is mainly about the history of Eastern barbarians. Sima Qian attempted to delete the history on Eastern barbarians but create the history of China around the Han Chinese in his book “Shiji(Records of the Grand Historian)”. Chinese considered three emperors as their progenitor in the ancient times. Since all of them were Eastern barbarians, Sima Qian deleted three emperors and created the genealogy started with five emperors. Then, he made Huang Ti as the first of five emperors. While Huang Ti originally came from the Eastern barbarian tribe, Sima Qian emphasized that Huang Ti fought against Chiyou(蚩尤), the head of Eastern barbarian tribe and tried to alter the origin of Huang Qi to Xiazu tribe(夏族) fighting against the Eastern barbarian tribe.
In the historic awareness of ancient Chinese, Huang Ti was the third emperor among three emperors and his son Shaohao(少昊) was the first emperor of five emperors. Sima Qian who altered the origin of Huang Ti to Xiazu tribe couldn’t help deleting Shaohao whose origin was definitely the Eastern barbarian tribe. Then, he set up the circumstances that Huang Ti turned over his throne to the nephew of Shaohao “Zhuanxu.” However, it is not easy to manipulate the history. The commentators in Commentaries by Three Experts(三家註釋) in Shiji raised the objection against Sima Qian because of the deletion of three emperors or exclusion of Shaohao in five emperors. Moreover, only thorough analysis on Shiji enables everyone to recognize that three emperors and five emperors come from Eastern barbarian tribe, the fact which Sima Qian tried to delete.
It is definitely identified by the description by Mencius who declared that Shun, the last emperor of five emperors, came from the Eastern barbarian tribe. The intention of Sima Qian who tried to create the history of Xiazu tribe through his book Shiji was successful for a long time. However, as his book Shiji was more thoroughly investigated, such intention of Sima Qian started to be meaningless. While Shiji by Sima Qianis the important asset in the human history, it can’t help being criticized the attempt to manipulate the ethnic genealogy for political purposes. Now, it’s time to investigate the stem of ethnic history on the basis of Shiji by Sima Qian, the commentaries on it and a wide range of historic documents.