The Utilization of Navigation and Emerging Technologies With Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) is growing in popularity worldwide. An expanding body of literature demonstrates rapid functional recovery with reduced morbidity compared to open techniques. Both full endoscopic spine surgery, or uniportal endoscopy, and unilateral bi portal endoscopy (UBE) can be employed in conjunction with various navigation and en abling technologies for assistance with localization of anatomic orientation and assessment of the intraoperative target spinal pathology. This review article describes various naviga tion technologies in ESS, including 2-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopic imaging, 2D fluoro scopic navigation, 3-dimensional C-arm navigation, augmented reality, and spinal robot ics. Employment of enabling navigation and emerging technology with the registration of patient-specific anatomy enables clear delineation of anatomic landmarks and facilitation of a successful procedure. Additionally, avoidance of common pitfalls during use of naviga tion systems in ESS is discussed in this review.