北魏(북위)정통성과 王卽佛(왕즉불)사상의 구현 = The legitimacy of Northern Wei Dynasty and Realization of the thought of king is Buddha

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis is endeavored to clear that the Buddhism used as ruling policy of the Northern Wei (北魏), which of Dynasty ruled northern China from 386 to 534. It was founded by Tuoba Xianbei(拓跋鮮卑), which is one of different ethnic group of Sino-barbarian dichotomy(華夷思想) in China. It is treated by the view of acculturation between the culture of Tuboba Xianbei and Han(漢)-Chinese, both of that were changed by a foreign religion Buddhism. It was a fact from that were built the Grottos Yungang and Longmen(龍門石窟) after emperor Taiwu(reg. 423~452) who unified northern China in 439. Because the ruling class of Northern Wei needed urgently the Buddhism as a substitution culture(代替文化) against Confucianism of Han Chinese, who were fixed the Sinocentrism(中華思想) since Han(漢BC 202∼AD 220) Dynasty. The perspective Sinocentrism regards China to be the center of civilization which is superior to all other nations and ethnic group. It made also the thought of Han-Chinese(華) and Non-Chinese(夷). Therefore, it was an era of political turbulence and intense social and cultural change when the Non-Chinese Tuoba Xianbei occupied in North China, in which time would be placed the foreign religion Buddhism as a substitution culture firmly established in China. They tried to establish their legitimacy toward Han-Chinese through the thought of king is Buddha(王卽佛). The five colossal Buddha statue in Tanyao(曇曜)-Grottos, Yungang(雲岡石窟) were embodied according to ‘the history of Wei(魏書)’ five emperor, which were probably an incarnation from the first emperor Daowu(道武帝reg. 386∼409) to emperor Wencheng(文成帝reg. 452~465) in Northern Wei-Dynasty. Consequently, the thought of king is Buddha(王卽佛) in Buddhism brought Tuoba Xianbei culture to change that also became the origin of Tuoba Xianbei into the Buddhism and that was regarded Northern Wei Dynasty as the Buddha land.