Are Social Network Sites for Networking or Presenting? : It Depends on Loneliness

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The current study investigated the relationships between Facebook users’ own activities, their friends’ responses, perceived usefulness in networking, and affinity feelings toward Facebook. This study also examined how loneliness was related to those variables and moderated the associations of them. Self-activities appeared more important than friends-activities in networking usefulness and affinity. However, the importance varied by loneliness. As for non-lonely people, self- and friends-activities were equally important for networking usefulness. As for lonely people, however, self-activities were strongly related to networking usefulness, while friends-activities were not significantly related to it. In addition, lonely people showed lower levels of self- and friends-activities and usefulness. These results indicate that lonely people use Facebook less sociable yet more self-focusing ways.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 양혜승, "페이스북은 우리의 관계를 윤택하게 하는가?: 페이스북 이용자의 사회심리학적 동기, 이용 행위, 사회적 지지 인식의 관계 고찰" 한국언론학회 56 (56): 270-297, 2012

2 이경렬, "페이스북광고의 효과에 관한 실증적 연구 - 노출형광고와 “좋아요” 메시지의 광고효과의 차이를 중심으로" (재)에스비에스문화재단 10 (10): 39-84, 2012

3 Lin, K. Y., "Why people use social networking sites : An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory" 27 : 1152-1161, 2011

4 Smith, A, "Why Americans use social media" From Pew Research Center

5 Ryan, T., "Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and facebook usage" 27 : 1658-1664, 2011

6 Correa, T., "Who interacts on the web? : The intersection of users’ personality and social media use" 26 : 247-253, 2010

7 Russull, D. W., "UCLA Loneliness scale(Version 3) : Reliability, validity, and factor structure" 66 : 20-40, 1996

8 Russell, D. W., "The revised UCLA loneliness scale : Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence" 39 : 472-480, 1980

9 Spitzberg, B. H., "The relationship of interpersonal competence and skills to reported loneliness across time, In Loneliness: Theory, research, and applications" Sage 157-172, 1989

10 Kalpidou, M., "The relationship between facebook and the well-being of undergraduate college students" 14 : 183-189, 2011

11 Suler, J., "The online disinhibition effect" 7 : 321-326, 2004

12 Zywica, J., "The faces of facebookers : Investigating social enhancement and social compensation hypotheses; Predicting Facebook™ and offline popularity from sociability and self-esteem, and mapping the meanings of popularity with semantic networks" 14 : 1083-6101, 2008

13 Skues, J. L., "The effects of personality traits, self-esteem, loneliness, and narcissism on Facebook use among university students" 28 : 2414-2419, 2012

14 Ellison, N. B., "The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites" 12 : 1143-1168, 2007

15 Kiesler, S., "Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication" 39 : 1123-1134, 1984

16 Hampton, K. N, "Social networking sites and our lives" From Pew Research Center

17 boyd, d. m., "Social network sites : Definition, history, and scholarship" 13 : 210-230, 2007

18 Stritzke, W. G. K., "Shyness and computer-mediated communication : A self-presentational theory perspective" 2 : 1-22, 2004

19 Mehdizadeh, S., "Self-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on facebook" 13 : 357-364, 2010

20 Joinson, A. N., "Self-esteem, interpersonal risk, and preference for e-mail to face-to-face communication" 7 : 472-478, 2004

21 Wilson, K., "Psychological predictors of young adults’ use of social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior" 13 : 173-177, 2010

22 Sheldon, P., "Profiling the non-users : Examination of life-position indicators, sensation seeking, shyness, and loneliness among users and non-users of social network sites" 28 : 1960-1965, 2012

23 Caplan, S. E., "Preference for online social interaction: A theory of problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being" 30 : 625-648, 2003

24 Segrin, C., "Poor social skills are a vulnerability factor in the development of psychosocial problems" 26 : 489-514, 2000

25 Peplau, L. A., "Perspectives on loneliness, In Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy" Wiley 1982

26 Daly, J. A., "Personality and interpersonal communication, In Handbook of interpersonal communication" Sage 2011

27 Kraus, L. A., "Personal and social influences on loneliness: The mediating effect of social provisions" 56 : 37-53, 1993

28 Cheung, C. M. K., "Online social networks: Why do students use Facebook?" 27 : 1337-1343, 2011

29 Ong, E. Y. L., "Narcissism, extraversion and adolescents’ self-presentation on facebook" 50 : 180-185, 2011

30 Buffardi, L. E., "Narcissism and social networking web sites" 34 : 1303-1314, 2008

31 Gonzales, A. L., "Mirror, mirror on my Facebook wall: Effects of exposure to Facebook on self-esteem" 14 : 79-83, 2011

32 Ledbetter, A. M., "Measuring online communication attitude : Instrument development and validation" 76 : 463-486, 2009

33 Gosling, S. D., "Manifestations of personality in online social networks:Self-reported facebook-related behaviors and observable profile information" 14 : 483-488, 2011

34 Cacioppo, J. T., "Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection" W. W. Norton 2008

35 Morahan-Martin, J., "Loneliness and social uses of the Internet" 19 : 659-671, 2003

36 Jones, W. H., "Loneliness and social skill deficits" 42 : 682-689, 1982

37 Solano, C. H., "Loneliness and patterns of self-disclosure" 43 : 524-531, 1982

38 Valenzuela, S., "Is there social capital in a social network site? : Facebook use and college students’ life satisfaction, trust, and participation" 14 : 875-901, 2009

39 Kraut, R., "Internet paradox revisited" 58 : 49-74, 2002

40 Jin, B., "How lonely people use and perceive facebook" 29 : 2463-2470, 2013

41 Waters, R. D., "Engaging stakeholders through social networking : How nonprofit organizations are using facebook" 35 : 102-106, 2009

42 große Deters, F., "Does posting facebook status updates increase or decrease loneliness? An online social networking experiment" 4 : 579-586, 2013

43 Whitty, M. T., "Cyber-flirting : Playing at love on the Internet" 13 : 339-357, 2003

44 Ledbetter, A. M., "Attitudes toward online social connection and self-disclosure as predictors of Facebook communication and relational closeness" 38 : 27-53, 2011

45 Kwon, O., "An empirical study of the factors affecting social network service use" 26 : 254-263, 2010

46 Kim, J. H., "An analysis of self-construals, motivations, facebook use, and user satisfaction" 26 : 1077-1099, 2010

47 Valkenburg, P. M., "Adolescents’ identity experiments on the Internet : Consequences for social competence and self-concept unity" 35 : 208-231, 2008